The reaction between NaOH and HCl is 1:1. Therefore, to neutralize 0.5 moles of HCl, 0.5 moles of NaOH are required, which corresponds to 0.5 L of 1 M NaOH solution.

The population explosion led to increased migration to colonies as people sought new opportunities and resources.

Deforestation was a significant environmental consequence of the Industrial Revolution, as forests were cleared for factories, urban development, and agriculture, leading to habitat loss.

The Tangshan earthquake prompted China to introduce stricter building codes to mitigate the impact of future earthquakes.

The Industrial Revolution was significantly driven by Britain's abundant natural resources, particularly coal and iron, which were essential for powering machinery and building infrastructure.

Pataliputra, located near modern-day Patna, served as the capital of the Maurya Empire.

India's GDP growth rate in the first quarter of 2023 was reported at 6.1%.

India's GDP growth rate for the fiscal year 2022-2023 was approximately 7.2%.

The Black Death led to the establishment of quarantine measures as a public health response to control the spread of the plague.

The Columbian Exchange had a profound impact on global agriculture by introducing new crops, increasing biodiversity, and also spreading diseases.

The launch of the Hubble Space Telescope in 1990 significantly enhanced our understanding of the universe by providing clearer images of celestial bodies, leading to numerous discoveries in astronomy.

The French Revolution was primarily caused by an economic crisis, widespread discontent with high taxes, and the influence of Enlightenment ideas advocating for liberty and equality.

The G20 summit held in Rome in 2021 focused on Climate Change, Global Health, and Economic Recovery.

The main focus of the Helsinki Accords signed in 1975 was to promote human rights and fundamental freedoms.

The main goal of the Marshall Plan was to provide economic recovery to European countries after World War II.

The Dandi March was aimed at defying the British salt laws by making salt from seawater.

The Non-Cooperation Movement aimed to resist British rule through non-violent means and promote self-governance.

The main outcome of COP28 in 2023 was the agreement on funding for developing nations to combat climate change.

The main purpose of the United Nations, established in 1945, was to prevent wars and promote peace and security.

There was a 20% increase in sales from 2019 to 2020 as shown in the line chart.

The Non-Aligned Movement aimed to maintain independence from both the Western and Eastern blocs during the Cold War, promoting peace and cooperation among developing nations.

The Cripps Mission aimed to negotiate with Indian leaders for support during World War II.

The Opium Wars were primarily caused by trade imbalances, as Britain was exporting opium to China, leading to widespread addiction and social issues.

The assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand of Austria-Hungary in June 1914 is widely regarded as the immediate catalyst that triggered World War I.

Agriculture was the primary economic activity in the Indus Valley Civilization, supported by advanced irrigation techniques and crop cultivation.

Coal was the primary energy source that powered factories during the early Industrial Revolution, providing the necessary fuel for steam engines and industrial machinery.

During the Medieval period, biotechnology primarily revolved around fermentation processes, which were crucial for the production of bread, beer, and wine.

During the medieval period, healthcare was largely influenced by religion, with monasteries serving as centers for healing and care, often relying on prayer and herbal remedies.

SEWA was established to organize women workers in the informal sector, aiming to secure their rights and improve their livelihoods.

The Disaster Management Act of 2005 primarily focused on the establishment of the National Disaster Management Authority (NDMA) to coordinate disaster management efforts.