The reaction of an amine with nitrous acid leads to diazotization, forming a diazonium salt.

The reaction of chlorobenzene with magnesium in dry ether forms a Grignard reagent, which is a key step in organic synthesis.

Chlorobenzene undergoes nucleophilic substitution to form phenol when treated with sodium hydroxide at high temperature.

The conversion of ethene to ethane involves the addition of hydrogen, which is known as hydrogenation.

The reaction between ethene and bromine is an addition reaction, forming dibromoethane.

Haloalkanes react with alcoholic KOH primarily through nucleophilic substitution to form alcohols.

Haloalkanes react with aqueous KOH primarily through nucleophilic substitution to form alcohols.

The reaction of haloalkanes with metals like magnesium leads to Grignard formation, which is a key step in organic synthesis.

The reaction of haloalkanes with metals like zinc is a reduction reaction, forming alkanes.

Haloalkanes typically undergo nucleophilic substitution reactions where the halogen is replaced by a nucleophile.

Phenol reacts with sodium hydroxide in a nucleophilic substitution reaction to form phenoxide ion.

The reaction of phenol with sodium metal leads to the formation of biphenyl through the Wurtz reaction.

Phenol undergoes electrophilic substitution when it reacts with bromine, resulting in brominated phenols.

The formation of a peptide bond between two amino acids is a condensation reaction, releasing water.

Asexual reproduction is most common in unicellular organisms, allowing for quick population growth.

Bryophytes can reproduce both sexually, through gametes, and asexually, through fragmentation or budding.

Ferns primarily reproduce sexually through spores, although they can also reproduce asexually.

Flowering plants primarily reproduce sexually through the formation of flowers and seeds.

Algae can reproduce both asexually and sexually, depending on environmental conditions.

Ferns primarily reproduce sexually through spores, although they can also reproduce asexually.

Flowering plants can reproduce both sexually (through seeds) and asexually (through vegetative propagation).

Hydra reproduces asexually by budding, where a new individual develops from an outgrowth of the parent.

Sponges can reproduce both asexually through budding and sexually by producing gametes.

Monocots typically have a fibrous root system, which consists of many thin roots.

A material with a very small band gap behaves like a semiconductor, allowing some charge carriers to be thermally excited.

Adding trivalent impurities (like boron) to a semiconductor creates a p-type semiconductor.

Doping silicon with arsenic, a pentavalent element, creates an n-type semiconductor due to the addition of extra electrons.

Doping silicon with phosphorus creates an n-type semiconductor due to the extra electrons contributed by phosphorus.

Diamond is classified as a covalent network solid due to its strong covalent bonds forming a three-dimensional network.

Raoult's Law applies most accurately to ideal solutions, where interactions between different molecules are similar to those in pure substances.