Methane has sp3 hybridization as it has four equivalent bonds formed by the mixing of one s and three p orbitals.

The carbon atoms in ethylene undergo sp2 hybridization, resulting in a planar structure.

In alkynes, the carbon atoms are sp hybridized.

The central sulfur atom in SF6 undergoes sp3d2 hybridization.

[Fe(CN)6]3- exhibits d2sp3 hybridization due to the octahedral arrangement of ligands.

In [Ni(CN)4]2-, nickel has a coordination number of 4 and uses dsp2 hybridization.

[Ni(CO)4] has a tetrahedral geometry, which corresponds to sp3 hybridization.

[Ni(CN)4]2- has a square planar geometry, which corresponds to dsp2 hybridization.

A concave lens always forms a virtual and upright image regardless of the object's position.

When the object is placed between the focal point and the mirror, the image formed is virtual and upright.

When the object is placed beyond twice the focal length, the image is real and inverted.

A convex lens forms a real and inverted image when the object is beyond the focal point.

When the object is placed beyond 2F, the image formed by a convex lens is real, inverted, and smaller than the object.

A convex mirror always forms a virtual and upright image regardless of the object's position.

A plane mirror always forms a virtual and erect image, which is the same size as the object.

Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) provides detailed information about the chemical structure of compounds, aiding in group identification.

The tertiary structure of proteins is stabilized by a combination of hydrophobic interactions, ionic interactions, hydrogen bonds, and sometimes covalent bonds.

Parasitism is a type of interaction where one organism benefits at the expense of another.

Competition occurs when two species vie for the same limited resources, which can negatively impact both species.

The tertiary structure of proteins is stabilized by a combination of hydrophobic interactions, ionic interactions, hydrogen bonds, and sometimes covalent bonds.

H2O exhibits hydrogen bonding due to the presence of hydrogen atoms bonded to highly electronegative oxygen.

Liquid water exhibits hydrogen bonding due to the attraction between the hydrogen atoms of one water molecule and the oxygen atom of another.

Water exhibits hydrogen bonding due to the presence of O-H bonds.

Water exhibits hydrogen bonding due to the presence of O-H bonds and the polarity of the molecule.

Water exhibits all three types of intermolecular forces, including hydrogen bonds, dipole-dipole interactions, and London dispersion forces.

1-butanol and 2-butanol differ in the position of the hydroxyl group, hence they are structural isomers.

Alkenes exhibit geometric isomerism due to restricted rotation around the double bond.

Cis-2-butene and trans-2-butene differ in the spatial arrangement of groups around the double bond, which is characteristic of geometric isomerism.

Disubstituted benzene derivatives can exhibit geometric isomerism due to the restricted rotation around the carbon-carbon bonds.

1,2-dichloroethane can exist in different structural forms, thus showing structural isomerism.