Pathogenic microbes are those that can cause diseases in humans, animals, or plants.

Phototropism is the growth of a plant towards light, facilitated by auxins.

Probiotics are beneficial bacteria that promote gut health and are often found in fermented foods.

Prokaryotic cells have circular DNA and lack membrane-bound organelles.

Radioactive decay is a random process, meaning that it cannot be predicted when a particular nucleus will decay.

Sexual reproduction in plants involves the formation of gametes (male and female) and results in genetically diverse offspring.

Sexual reproduction typically involves two parents and results in offspring that are genetically diverse.

When the object is placed between the focal point and the mirror, the image formed by a concave mirror is virtual and erect.

The kingdom Animalia consists of multicellular and heterotrophic organisms.

Archaea are known for thriving in extreme environmental conditions.

Monera consists of prokaryotic cells, which are unicellular and lack a defined nucleus.

Plants are characterized by having cellulose in their cell walls.

The kingdom Protista includes both autotrophic and heterotrophic organisms.

Annelida, or segmented worms, are characterized by their segmented bodies.

Echinoderms exhibit radial symmetry in their adult form, which is a defining characteristic of this phylum.

Nematodes, or roundworms, are characterized by a body covered with a cuticle and are unsegmented.

Phylum Porifera, which includes sponges, is characterized by a porous body structure.

Ethers are generally low in reactivity compared to alcohols and phenols, making them stable compounds.

Group 13 elements typically form covalent compounds due to their tendency to share electrons.

Halogens exist as diatomic molecules (e.g., Cl2, F2) in their elemental form.

Noble gases are colorless and odorless under standard conditions.

Phosphorus exists in several allotropes, including red, black, and white phosphorus.

All of the options listed (Ibuprofen, Aspirin, and Paracetamol) are common analgesics used to relieve pain.

Gene cloning is a common application in biotechnology for producing proteins and studying genes.

Biotechnology is widely used in the food industry for fermentation, genetic modification, and food preservation.

The synthesis of therapeutic proteins, such as insulin and monoclonal antibodies, is a common application of biotechnology in the pharmaceutical industry.

Microbes are used in agriculture for pesticides, fertilizers, and enhancing soil fertility.

Photodiodes are commonly used for light detection in various applications.

Transistors are a common application of semiconductors, used in various electronic devices.

Yeast is commonly used in alcoholic fermentation to produce beverages like beer and wine.