A bibliophile is a person who loves or collects books.

An archaeologist studies human history and prehistory through excavation and analysis of artifacts.

A sociologist studies the development, structure, and functioning of human society.

A psychologist is a professional who studies mental processes and human behavior.

An entomologist is a scientist who studies insects.

A linguist is someone who studies language and its structure.

A psychologist is a professional who studies mental processes and behavior.

An astronomer is a scientist who studies celestial bodies such as stars and planets.

A geologist is a scientist who studies the solid Earth and its processes.

An explorer is someone who travels to discover new places.

A composer is someone who creates and writes music.

A dramatist is a playwright, someone who writes plays.

'Arduous' means requiring a lot of effort; therefore, 'easy' is its opposite.

'Benevolent' means well-meaning and kindly, while 'malevolent' means having a wish to do evil.

'Counterclockwise' is the opposite of 'clockwise'.

'Diligent' means hardworking, so the opposite is 'lazy'.

'Contract' is the opposite of 'expand', meaning to decrease in size or volume.

'Right' is the opposite of 'left'.

'Optimistic' means hopeful about the future, while 'pessimistic' means expecting the worst.

'Transparent' means allowing light to pass through, while 'opaque' means not able to be seen through.

The orbital speed v of a satellite in a circular orbit is given by v = sqrt(GM/(R+h)^2), where G is the gravitational constant, M is the mass of the Earth, R is the radius of the Earth, and h is the height of the satellite above the Earth's surface.

The orbital speed of a satellite in low Earth orbit is approximately 7.9 km/s.

The order of a matrix is given by the number of rows followed by the number of columns. Therefore, a matrix with 3 rows and 4 columns is of order 3x4.

In single-slit diffraction, the central maximum corresponds to m = 0, which is the first bright fringe.

If the rate constant has the unit L/mol·s, the reaction is second order.

Osmotic pressure = iCRT = 2 * 0.2 * 0.0821 * 298 = 4.92 atm (i = 2 for NaCl)

Osmotic pressure (π) = iCRT = 2 * 0.5 * 0.0821 * 298 = 24.5 atm. Therefore, π = 6.15 atm.

Osmotic pressure (π) = nRT/V = (0.1 mol)(0.0821 L atm/K mol)(298 K) = 2.06 atm.

Osmotic pressure (π) = nRT/V = (0.1 mol)(0.0821 L·atm/(K·mol))(298 K) = 2.03 atm.

Osmotic pressure (π) = nRT/V = (0.1 moles * 0.0821 * 298) / 1 = 2.5 atm.