The capacitance (C) of a parallel plate capacitor is given by the formula C = ε₀A/d, where A is the area of the plates and d is the separation between them.

The capacitance of a spherical capacitor depends on both the radius of the inner sphere and the outer sphere.

'Survival of the fittest' is a phrase often associated with Darwinism, which emphasizes the role of natural selection in evolution.

'Survival of the fittest' is a phrase often associated with Darwinism, which emphasizes natural selection as a key mechanism of evolution.

'Survival of the fittest' is a phrase often associated with Charles Darwin's theory of natural selection, emphasizing that those best adapted to their environment are more likely to survive and reproduce.

Absolute zero is defined as the temperature at which molecular motion ceases, corresponding to 0 Kelvin.

Absolute zero refers to the lowest possible temperature, at which gas molecules theoretically stop moving, making both A and B correct.

The critical angle occurs when light travels from a denser medium (water) to a less dense medium (air).

Energy is defined as work done, which has the dimensional formula [M^1 L^2 T^-2].

Frequency is defined as the number of cycles per unit time, hence its dimensional formula is [T^-1].

Velocity is defined as displacement per unit time, hence its dimensional formula is [M^0 L^1 T^-1].

Lenz's Law states that the direction of induced current is such that it opposes the change in magnetic flux that produced it.

The Earth's magnetic field is approximately 1000 times weaker than that of a typical refrigerator magnet.

The efficiency of a Carnot engine is determined by the temperatures of both the hot and cold reservoirs, given by the formula η = 1 - (T_c/T_h).

The efficiency of a heat engine is defined as the ratio of work done by the engine to the heat absorbed from the hot reservoir.

The electric field (E) between the plates of a parallel plate capacitor is given by the formula E = V/d, where V is the voltage and d is the separation between the plates.

The electric field (E) between the plates of a parallel plate capacitor is given by the expression E = V/d, where V is the voltage and d is the distance between the plates.

The electric field E due to a dipole at a point along the axial line is given by E = (1/4πε₀) * (2p) / r³.

The electric field (E) due to a point charge (Q) is given by E = kQ/r^2, where k is Coulomb's constant.

The electric potential (V) due to a point charge (Q) at a distance (r) is given by V = kQ/r, where k is Coulomb's constant.

The electrochemical series arranges elements based on their standard electrode potentials.

The electrochemical series is a list of electrodes arranged by their standard electrode potentials, indicating their tendency to gain or lose electrons.

The energy of a simple harmonic oscillator is maximum at the amplitude, where the velocity is zero and all energy is potential.

The energy stored in a capacitor is given by U = 1/2 CV^2, which shows it is proportional to both charge and voltage.

The energy (U) stored in a capacitor is given by the formula U = 1/2 CV^2, where C is capacitance and V is voltage.

According to the third law of thermodynamics, the entropy of a perfect crystalline substance at absolute zero is exactly zero.

The equation of state for an ideal gas is PV = nRT, where P is pressure, V is volume, n is the number of moles, R is the universal gas constant, and T is the temperature in Kelvin.

Kp can be calculated from Kc using the relation Kp = Kc(RT)^(Δn), where Δn is the change in moles of gas. Here, Δn = 2 - 3 = -1, so Kp = Kc(0.0821T)^(-1). Assuming standard conditions, Kp = 4 * (1/RT) = 16.

The escape velocity from the surface of the Earth is approximately 11.2 km/s.

Faraday's first law states that the mass of a substance deposited at an electrode is directly proportional to the quantity of electricity passed through the electrolyte.