The Directive Principles of State Policy are guidelines for the state to ensure social and economic justice, and to guide the government in policy-making.

The Indian Penal Code (IPC) primarily aims to define criminal offenses and prescribe punishments for those offenses.

The primary remedy for a breach of contract is typically damages.

The primary remedy for breach of contract is typically monetary damages.

Actus reus refers to the physical act or conduct that constitutes a criminal offense.

'Mens rea' refers to the mental state or intention behind committing a crime.

Vicarious liability refers to the legal principle where one party is held liable for the actions of another.

Causing death by negligence can lead to imprisonment for up to 5 years under Section 304A of IPC.

IPC Section 304B prescribes punishment for dowry death as a minimum of 7 years and may extend to life imprisonment.

Identity theft under IPC can lead to imprisonment for up to 5 years.

Under Section 67 of the IPC, sending offensive messages through communication service can lead to imprisonment for up to 5 years.

A charge sheet is a formal document that outlines the charges against the accused and is submitted to the magistrate after the investigation is complete.

The purpose of consideration is to provide a legal basis for enforcement of the contract by ensuring that something of value is exchanged.

Liquidated damages are intended to estimate potential damages in advance, providing certainty in the event of a breach.

The role of a magistrate during the investigation process includes issuing warrants and ensuring that the investigation is conducted lawfully.

The Articles of Association govern the internal management of the company, detailing the rules and procedures.

The SEC's primary role is to protect investors and maintain fair, orderly, and efficient markets.

The intention to create legal relations is significant as it ensures that the parties intend for the agreement to be legally binding.

Article 32 provides the right to constitutional remedies, allowing individuals to approach the Supreme Court for enforcement of fundamental rights.

Section 164 provides for the recording of confessions and statements made to a magistrate.

Section 173 of the Criminal Procedure Code pertains to the filing of a charge sheet after the completion of an investigation.

Section 300 defines murder and outlines the circumstances under which culpable homicide amounts to murder.

Section 82 of the IPC states that a child under 7 years of age cannot be held criminally liable.

The 'Basic Structure' doctrine protects the federal structure from arbitrary changes by Parliament, ensuring the division of powers is maintained.

Brown v. Board of Education declared that separate but equal educational facilities are inherently unequal, thus unconstitutional.

The case S.R. Bommai v. Union of India limited the power of the President to dismiss state governments and reinforced the role of judicial review in maintaining constitutional governance.

The Minerva Mills case reinforced the basic structure doctrine, emphasizing that judicial review is essential to maintain the Constitution's supremacy.

In criminal cases, the standard of proof required is 'beyond a reasonable doubt'.

Unauthorized access to a computer resource is commonly referred to as hacking.

To establish negligence, a plaintiff must prove breach of duty, causation, and damages.