The Inorganic Chemistry section covers the structure, properties, reactions, and applications of elements and their compounds , forming a core pillar of Class 11–12 Chemistry and undergraduate syllabi . This category is designed for school students, undergraduate learners, and competitive exam aspirants , with strong emphasis on NCERT alignment, conceptual clarity, and exam relevance .
In this section, you will study:
Periodic table and periodic trends – atomic size, ionization energy, electronegativity, and reactivity
Chemical bonding and molecular structure – ionic, covalent, metallic bonding, VBT, MOT, and hybridization
Hydrogen and s-block elements – properties, compounds, and applications
p-block elements – group-wise chemistry, important compounds, and trends
d- and f-block elements – transition metals, coordination behavior, and properties
Coordination compounds – nomenclature, isomerism, bonding theories, and applications
Qualitative inorganic analysis – identification of ions and systematic analysis
Industrial and biological importance of inorganic compounds
NCERT- and UG-aligned explanations , supported by reaction mechanisms, tables, diagrams, MCQs, numericals, and PYQs
The content is structured to build strong fundamentals , improve memorization through logic , and help students tackle both theoretical and application-based questions confidently.
Develop a solid foundation in Inorganic Chemistry to excel in school examinations, undergraduate courses, and competitive exams such as NEET, JEE, and CUET .
Q. What is the primary type of bonding in NaCl?
A.
Covalent
B.
Ionic
C.
Metallic
D.
Hydrogen
Show solution
Solution
NaCl is primarily held together by ionic bonds formed between sodium and chloride ions.
Correct Answer:
B
— Ionic
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Q. What is the primary use of acetic acid in the food industry?
A.
Flavoring agent
B.
Preservative
C.
pH adjuster
D.
All of the above
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Solution
Acetic acid is used as a flavoring agent, preservative, and pH adjuster in various food products.
Correct Answer:
D
— All of the above
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Q. What is the primary use of aluminum in metallurgy?
A.
Electrical wiring
B.
Construction materials
C.
Aerospace applications
D.
All of the above
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Solution
Aluminum is used in various applications including electrical wiring, construction materials, and aerospace due to its lightweight and corrosion-resistant properties.
Correct Answer:
D
— All of the above
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Q. What is the primary use of calcium carbonate in the construction industry?
A.
Cement production
B.
Glass manufacturing
C.
Paint production
D.
Plastic production
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Solution
Calcium carbonate is primarily used in cement production as a key ingredient in the manufacturing of concrete.
Correct Answer:
A
— Cement production
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Q. What is the primary use of hydrochloric acid in the food industry?
A.
Flavoring agent
B.
Preservative
C.
pH control
D.
Coloring agent
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Solution
Hydrochloric acid is used to control pH levels in food processing, ensuring safety and quality.
Correct Answer:
C
— pH control
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Q. What is the primary use of hydrogen in the chemical industry?
A.
As a refrigerant
B.
In the production of ammonia
C.
As a fuel for vehicles
D.
In the synthesis of plastics
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Solution
Hydrogen is primarily used in the Haber process for the production of ammonia (NH3).
Correct Answer:
B
— In the production of ammonia
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Q. What is the primary use of hydrogen in the Haber process?
A.
To produce ammonia
B.
To produce water
C.
To reduce metals
D.
To create hydrogen fuel
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Solution
The Haber process uses hydrogen to synthesize ammonia (NH3) from nitrogen and hydrogen gas.
Correct Answer:
A
— To produce ammonia
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Q. What is the primary use of hydrogen in the industrial sector?
A.
Fertilizer production
B.
Plastic manufacturing
C.
Fuel cells
D.
Water treatment
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Solution
Hydrogen is primarily used in the Haber process for the production of ammonia, which is a key component in fertilizers.
Correct Answer:
A
— Fertilizer production
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Q. What is the primary use of hydrogen in the production of hydrochloric acid?
A.
As a reactant
B.
As a catalyst
C.
As a solvent
D.
As a byproduct
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Solution
Hydrogen is used as a reactant in the synthesis of hydrochloric acid when it reacts with chlorine.
Correct Answer:
A
— As a reactant
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Q. What is the primary use of phosphoric acid in the beverage industry?
A.
Sweetener
B.
Preservative
C.
Flavoring agent
D.
Acidulant
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Solution
Phosphoric acid is primarily used as an acidulant in soft drinks to provide a tangy flavor and balance sweetness.
Correct Answer:
D
— Acidulant
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Q. What is the primary use of sodium bicarbonate in the food industry?
A.
Preservative
B.
Leavening agent
C.
Flavor enhancer
D.
Coloring agent
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Solution
Sodium bicarbonate, or baking soda, is primarily used as a leavening agent in baking.
Correct Answer:
B
— Leavening agent
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Q. What is the primary use of zinc in metallurgy?
A.
As a catalyst
B.
In galvanization
C.
In alloy formation
D.
As a reducing agent
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Solution
Zinc is primarily used in galvanization to protect iron and steel from corrosion.
Correct Answer:
B
— In galvanization
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Q. What is the product of the reaction between a strong acid and a strong base?
A.
Salt
B.
Water
C.
Hydrogen gas
D.
Both Salt and Water
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Solution
The reaction between a strong acid and a strong base produces both salt and water.
Correct Answer:
D
— Both Salt and Water
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Q. What is the product of the reaction between an acid and a base?
A.
Salt and water
B.
Hydrogen gas
C.
Carbon dioxide
D.
Oxygen gas
Show solution
Solution
The reaction between an acid and a base produces salt and water, known as a neutralization reaction.
Correct Answer:
A
— Salt and water
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Q. What is the product of the reaction between an acid and a carbonate?
A.
Salt
B.
Water
C.
Carbon dioxide
D.
All of the above
Show solution
Solution
The reaction between an acid and a carbonate produces a salt, water, and carbon dioxide.
Correct Answer:
D
— All of the above
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Q. What is the role of a buffer solution?
A.
To change pH rapidly
B.
To maintain pH stability
C.
To neutralize acids only
D.
To neutralize bases only
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Solution
A buffer solution maintains pH stability by resisting changes in pH upon the addition of small amounts of acid or base.
Correct Answer:
B
— To maintain pH stability
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Q. What is the role of a ligand in coordination compounds?
A.
To donate electrons
B.
To stabilize the metal ion
C.
To increase solubility
D.
To act as a catalyst
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Solution
A ligand is a molecule or ion that donates electron pairs to a metal ion to form a coordination complex.
Correct Answer:
A
— To donate electrons
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Q. What is the role of citric acid in food preservation?
A.
Antioxidant
B.
pH regulator
C.
Flavor enhancer
D.
Color stabilizer
Show solution
Solution
Citric acid acts as a pH regulator, helping to preserve food by creating an acidic environment that inhibits microbial growth.
Correct Answer:
B
— pH regulator
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Q. What is the role of hydrogen in fuel cells?
A.
To act as a catalyst
B.
To provide energy through combustion
C.
To produce electricity through a chemical reaction
D.
To store energy
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Solution
In fuel cells, hydrogen reacts with oxygen to produce electricity, water, and heat, making it a clean energy source.
Correct Answer:
C
— To produce electricity through a chemical reaction
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Q. What is the role of hydrogen in redox reactions?
A.
It is always oxidized.
B.
It is always reduced.
C.
It can act as both an oxidizing and reducing agent.
D.
It does not participate in redox reactions.
Show solution
Solution
Hydrogen can act as both an oxidizing agent and a reducing agent in various redox reactions.
Correct Answer:
C
— It can act as both an oxidizing and reducing agent.
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Q. What is the role of hydrogen in the process of hydrogenation?
A.
Oxidizing agent
B.
Reducing agent
C.
Catalyst
D.
Solvent
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Solution
In hydrogenation, hydrogen acts as a reducing agent, adding hydrogen to unsaturated organic compounds.
Correct Answer:
B
— Reducing agent
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Q. What is the significance of hydrogen in the synthesis of methanol?
A.
It acts as a solvent
B.
It is a reactant
C.
It is a catalyst
D.
It is a byproduct
Show solution
Solution
Hydrogen is a reactant in the synthesis of methanol, where it reacts with carbon monoxide.
Correct Answer:
B
— It is a reactant
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Q. What is the standard enthalpy change for the formation of water from hydrogen and oxygen?
A.
-285.8 kJ/mol
B.
-241.8 kJ/mol
C.
-200 kJ/mol
D.
-100 kJ/mol
Show solution
Solution
The standard enthalpy change for the formation of water (H2 + 0.5 O2 -> H2O) is -285.8 kJ/mol.
Correct Answer:
A
— -285.8 kJ/mol
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Q. What is the standard reduction potential for the half-reaction H2 → 2H+ + 2e-?
A.
0.00 V
B.
0.76 V
C.
1.23 V
D.
2.00 V
Show solution
Solution
The standard reduction potential for the half-reaction H2 → 2H+ + 2e- is defined as 0.00 V.
Correct Answer:
A
— 0.00 V
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Q. What is the trend in ionization energy across a period?
A.
Increases
B.
Decreases
C.
Remains constant
D.
Increases then decreases
Show solution
Solution
Ionization energy generally increases across a period due to increasing nuclear charge.
Correct Answer:
A
— Increases
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Q. What is the trend in ionization energy as you move across a period from left to right?
A.
Increases
B.
Decreases
C.
Remains the same
D.
Varies unpredictably
Show solution
Solution
Ionization energy generally increases across a period due to increasing nuclear charge.
Correct Answer:
A
— Increases
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Q. What is the trend in metallic character as you move across a period from left to right?
A.
It increases
B.
It decreases
C.
It remains constant
D.
It first increases then decreases
Show solution
Solution
Metallic character decreases as you move from left to right across a period.
Correct Answer:
B
— It decreases
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Q. What trend is observed in atomic radius across a period in the periodic table?
A.
Increases
B.
Decreases
C.
Remains constant
D.
Varies randomly
Show solution
Solution
Atomic radius decreases across a period due to increasing nuclear charge attracting electrons closer.
Correct Answer:
B
— Decreases
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Q. What trend is observed in atomic radius as you move down a group in the periodic table?
A.
Increases
B.
Decreases
C.
Remains constant
D.
Varies unpredictably
Show solution
Solution
Atomic radius increases down a group due to the addition of electron shells.
Correct Answer:
A
— Increases
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Q. What type of bond is formed between hydrogen and chlorine in HCl?
A.
Ionic bond
B.
Covalent bond
C.
Metallic bond
D.
Hydrogen bond
Show solution
Solution
HCl is formed by a covalent bond between hydrogen and chlorine, where they share electrons.
Correct Answer:
B
— Covalent bond
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