Chemistry (School & UG)

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Chemistry (School & UG)

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The Chemistry (School & UG) category covers the fundamental to advanced concepts of Chemistry, structured to support Class 11–12 students, competitive exam aspirants, and undergraduate learners. The content emphasizes conceptual clarity, problem-solving skills, and strong alignment with NCERT and university syllabi.

In this category, you will study:

Physical Chemistry – atomic structure, thermodynamics, chemical kinetics, equilibrium, electrochemistry, and solutions
Organic Chemistry – basic principles, reaction mechanisms, hydrocarbons, functional groups, biomolecules, and polymers
Inorganic Chemistry – periodic trends, chemical bonding, coordination compounds, metallurgy, and s-, p-, d-, and f-block elements
Numerical problem-solving – formula-based calculations, mole concept, and graph-based questions
Reaction mechanisms and derivations with step-by-step explanations
Comparisons, trends, and exceptions important for exams
NCERT-based theory, supported by diagrams, tables, MCQs, assertion–reason questions, numericals, and PYQs

The content is designed to build strong foundations, improve analytical and quantitative skills, and prepare students for school examinations, competitive exams, and undergraduate assessments.

Develop a clear, logical, and application-oriented understanding of Chemistry to excel academically and confidently tackle problem-based and conceptual questions at both school and UG levels.

Analytical Techniques Inorganic Chemistry Organic Chemistry Physical Chemistry

Q. Which of the following is the correct product of the reaction between 1-butyne and H2 in the presence of a catalyst?

A. 1-butene
B. 2-butene
C. butane
D. butyne

Solution

The hydrogenation of 1-butyne will fully saturate the triple bond, resulting in butane.

Correct Answer: C — butane

Q. Which of the following is the correct representation of a primary amine?

A. R-NH2
B. R2-NH
C. R3-N
D. R-NO2

Solution

A primary amine has one alkyl group attached to the nitrogen atom, represented as R-NH2.

Correct Answer: A — R-NH2

Q. Which of the following is the correct representation of cis-2-butene?

A. CH3-CH=CH-CH3
B. CH3-CH=CH-CH2
C. CH3-CH=CH-CH3
D. CH3-CH2-CH=CH2

Solution

Cis-2-butene has the two methyl groups on the same side of the double bond, represented as CH3-CH=CH-CH3.

Correct Answer: A — CH3-CH=CH-CH3

Q. Which of the following is the correct stereochemical configuration for 2-butene?

A. cis
B. trans
C. both cis and trans
D. neither cis nor trans

Solution

2-butene can exist as both cis and trans isomers due to the presence of a double bond between the second and third carbons.

Correct Answer: C — both cis and trans

Q. Which of the following is the correct stereochemical descriptor for 2-butene with the double bond in the trans configuration?

A. cis-2-butene
B. trans-2-butene
C. 1-butene
D. butyne

Solution

The correct descriptor for 2-butene with the double bond in the trans configuration is trans-2-butene.

Correct Answer: B — trans-2-butene

Q. Which of the following is the correct structure for 1-heptyne?

A. CH3-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH2-C≡C-H
B. CH3-CH2-CH2-C≡C-CH3
C. CH3-C≡C-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH3
D. None of the above

Solution

1-heptyne has a triple bond between the first and second carbons, represented as CH3-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH2-C≡C-H.

Correct Answer: A — CH3-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH2-C≡C-H

Q. Which of the following is the correct structure for 1-hexene?

A. CH2=CH-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH3
B. CH3-CH2-CH2-CH=CH-CH3
C. CH3-CH=CH-CH2-CH2-CH3
D. CH3-CH2-CH=CH-CH2-CH3

Solution

1-hexene has a double bond between the first and second carbon atoms, represented as CH2=CH-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH3.

Correct Answer: A — CH2=CH-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH3

Q. Which of the following is the correct structure for 3-methyl-1-butyne?

A. CH3-CH2-C≡C-CH3
B. CH3-C≡C-CH2-CH3
C. CH3-CH-C≡C-CH3
D. CH3-CH2-CH-C≡C-H

Solution

3-methyl-1-butyne has a triple bond at the first carbon and a methyl group on the third carbon.

Correct Answer: B — CH3-C≡C-CH2-CH3

Q. Which of the following is the correct structure for 3-pentanone?

A. CH3COCH2CH2CH3
B. CH3CH2COCH2CH3
C. CH3CH2CH2COCH3
D. CH3COCH3

Solution

3-Pentanone has the structure CH3CH2COCH2CH3, with the carbonyl group on the third carbon.

Correct Answer: B — CH3CH2COCH2CH3

Q. Which of the following is the functional group of amines?

A. -OH
B. -NH2
C. -COOH
D. -C=O

Solution

Amines contain the amino group (-NH2) as their functional group.

Correct Answer: B — -NH2

Q. Which of the following ligands is a bidentate ligand?

A. Ammonia (NH3)
B. Ethylenediamine (en)
C. Chloride ion (Cl-)
D. Water (H2O)

Solution

Ethylenediamine (en) is a bidentate ligand because it can form two bonds with a metal center.

Correct Answer: B — Ethylenediamine (en)

Q. Which of the following ligands is considered a bidentate ligand according to Werner's theory?

A. NH3
B. EDTA
C. Cl-
D. H2O

Solution

EDTA is a bidentate ligand because it can form two bonds with a metal ion, while NH3, Cl-, and H2O are monodentate ligands.

Correct Answer: B — EDTA

Q. Which of the following ligands is considered a strong field ligand?

A. Iodide
B. Water
C. Cyanide
D. Chloride

Solution

Cyanide (CN-) is a strong field ligand that causes greater splitting of d-orbitals in transition metal complexes.

Correct Answer: C — Cyanide

Q. Which of the following ligands would be classified as a bidentate ligand according to Werner's theory?

A. NH3
B. EDTA
C. Cl-
D. H2O

Solution

EDTA is a bidentate ligand because it can form two bonds with a metal ion.

Correct Answer: B — EDTA

Q. Which of the following metals can displace hydrogen from acids?

A. Copper
B. Gold
C. Zinc
D. Silver

Solution

Zinc is a more reactive metal that can displace hydrogen from acids, while copper, gold, and silver cannot.

Correct Answer: C — Zinc

Q. Which of the following metals can react with water to produce hydrogen gas?

A. Gold
B. Iron
C. Sodium
D. Copper

Solution

Sodium reacts vigorously with water to produce hydrogen gas.

Correct Answer: C — Sodium

Q. Which of the following metals is extracted using the electrolytic reduction method?

A. Iron
B. Aluminum
C. Copper
D. Zinc

Solution

Aluminum is extracted from its ore, bauxite, using electrolytic reduction.

Correct Answer: B — Aluminum

Q. Which of the following metals is extracted using the Hall-Héroult process?

A. Iron
B. Aluminum
C. Copper
D. Zinc

Solution

The Hall-Héroult process is used for the electrolytic reduction of aluminum oxide to produce aluminum.

Correct Answer: B — Aluminum

Q. Which of the following metals is least reactive and can be found in its native state?

A. Sodium
B. Gold
C. Aluminum
D. Iron

Solution

Gold is least reactive and is often found in its native state due to its low reactivity.

Correct Answer: B — Gold

Q. Which of the following metals is most commonly extracted from its ore using the hydrometallurgical process?

A. Gold
B. Iron
C. Aluminum
D. Lead

Solution

Gold is commonly extracted using the hydrometallurgical process, particularly through cyanidation.

Correct Answer: A — Gold

Q. Which of the following metals is most commonly extracted using the electrolysis method?

A. Iron
B. Aluminum
C. Copper
D. Zinc

Solution

Aluminum is extracted from its ore, bauxite, using electrolysis due to its high reactivity.

Correct Answer: B — Aluminum

Q. Which of the following metals is most commonly extracted using the electrolytic reduction method?

A. Aluminum
B. Iron
C. Copper
D. Zinc

Solution

Aluminum is extracted from its ore, bauxite, using the Hall-Héroult process, which involves electrolytic reduction.

Correct Answer: A — Aluminum

Q. Which of the following metals is most commonly used in metallurgy for extraction via reduction?

A. Aluminum
B. Iron
C. Copper
D. Zinc

Solution

Iron is commonly extracted from its ore using reduction methods in metallurgy.

Correct Answer: B — Iron

Q. Which of the following metals is most commonly used in the extraction of aluminum from its ore?

A. Iron
B. Copper
C. Bauxite
D. Alumina

Solution

Alumina (Al2O3) is the primary source of aluminum, extracted from bauxite through the Bayer process.

Correct Answer: D — Alumina

Q. Which of the following metals is most commonly used in the extraction of aluminum?

A. Iron
B. Copper
C. Bauxite
D. Zinc

Solution

Bauxite is the primary ore from which aluminum is extracted.

Correct Answer: C — Bauxite

Q. Which of the following metals is most likely to be extracted using electrolysis?

A. Iron
B. Aluminum
C. Copper
D. Zinc

Solution

Aluminum is extracted using electrolysis due to its high reactivity and the need for a large amount of energy to reduce it from its ore.

Correct Answer: B — Aluminum

Q. Which of the following metals is most likely to be found in its elemental form in nature?

A. Iron
B. Gold
C. Aluminum
D. Copper

Solution

Gold is a noble metal and is often found in its elemental form due to its low reactivity.

Correct Answer: B — Gold

Q. Which of the following metals is most likely to be found in its native state?

A. Iron
B. Gold
C. Aluminum
D. Copper

Solution

Gold is often found in its native state due to its low reactivity with other elements.

Correct Answer: B — Gold

Q. Which of the following metals is most likely to be oxidized in a redox reaction?

A. Gold
B. Silver
C. Copper
D. Sodium

Solution

Sodium is highly reactive and easily oxidized compared to the other metals listed.

Correct Answer: D — Sodium

Q. Which of the following metals is most likely to be oxidized?

A. Gold
B. Silver
C. Copper
D. Sodium

Solution

Sodium is highly reactive and easily oxidized compared to the other metals listed.

Correct Answer: D — Sodium

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