FTIR spectroscopy is commonly used to identify functional groups in organic compounds by analyzing their characteristic absorption bands.

Hydrochloric acid is commonly used for cleaning metal surfaces due to its ability to remove rust and scale.

Hydrogen is commonly used in fuel cells to produce electricity through a chemical reaction with oxygen.

Hydrogen is used in the hydrogenation process to convert unsaturated fats into saturated fats in the petroleum industry.

Infrared (IR) spectroscopy is commonly used to identify functional groups in organic compounds by measuring the absorption of IR radiation at specific wavelengths.

IR spectroscopy is commonly used to identify pollutants in air samples by analyzing their characteristic absorption spectra.

IR spectroscopy is widely used to identify functional groups in organic compounds based on their characteristic absorption bands.

Sodium bicarbonate is commonly used as an antacid to relieve heartburn and indigestion by neutralizing stomach acid.

Sodium bicarbonate (baking soda) is used in baking, cleaning, and as a fire extinguishing agent due to its ability to release carbon dioxide.

Surface chemistry plays a crucial role in various applications, including catalysis, drug delivery, and environmental cleanup.

UV-Vis spectroscopy is commonly used to analyze drug stability by monitoring changes in absorbance over time.

UV-Vis spectroscopy is commonly used to quantify concentrations of colored solutions based on their absorbance.

Bromine is a common electrophile used in electrophilic aromatic substitution, often activated by a Lewis acid.

The nitronium ion (NO2+) is the active electrophile in the nitration of benzene, generated from nitric acid and sulfuric acid.

All of the listed options can lead to errors in titration, affecting the accuracy of the results.

Precipitation reactions are often used to identify cations by forming insoluble compounds that can be observed.

Precipitation reactions are often used to identify cations by forming insoluble compounds with specific reagents.

Copper can be extracted using various methods including electrolysis, roasting, and hydrometallurgy.

Cyanidation is a common method used for extracting silver from its ore, similar to gold extraction.

The burette method is a common technique for performing titrations, allowing for precise measurement of the titrant added.

All of the listed methods (pH meter, conductivity meter, and visual color change) can be used to determine the endpoint of a titration.

Not swirling the flask during titration can lead to inaccurate results as it prevents proper mixing of the reactants.

Not swirling the flask during titration can lead to inaccurate results, as it prevents proper mixing of the reactants.

Carbon monoxide is commonly used as a reducing agent in the extraction of metals from their ores.

All of the listed tests (Benedict's, Tollens', and Fehling's) can be used to identify aldehydes.

Redox titration is a common type of titration that involves the transfer of electrons between the titrant and the analyte.

The correct expression for Gibbs free energy change is ΔG = ΔH - TΔS, where T is the temperature in Kelvin.

Stereoisomers have the same connectivity of atoms but differ in their spatial arrangement.

The functional group characteristic of alkynes is the triple bond represented as -C≡C-.

Phenols contain a hydroxyl (-OH) functional group directly attached to an aromatic ring.