Q. What is the purpose of the 'bootstrap' sampling method in Random Forests?
A.
To create a balanced dataset
B.
To ensure all features are used
C.
To generate multiple subsets of the training data
D.
To improve model interpretability
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Solution
Bootstrap sampling allows Random Forests to create multiple subsets of the training data, which helps in building diverse trees.
Correct Answer:
C
— To generate multiple subsets of the training data
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Q. What is the purpose of the 'Cache-Control' header in HTTP?
A.
To manage user authentication
B.
To specify caching policies for responses
C.
To define the content type
D.
To indicate the server's load
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Solution
The 'Cache-Control' header specifies caching policies for responses, helping to control how and for how long responses are cached by clients and intermediaries.
Correct Answer:
B
— To specify caching policies for responses
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Q. What is the purpose of the 'Content-Type' header in an HTTP response?
A.
To specify the server type
B.
To indicate the type of content being sent
C.
To define the connection type
D.
To authenticate the user
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Solution
The 'Content-Type' header indicates the media type of the resource being sent in the HTTP response, helping the client understand how to process it.
Correct Answer:
B
— To indicate the type of content being sent
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Q. What is the purpose of the 'free' function in C?
A.
To allocate memory
B.
To release allocated memory
C.
To initialize a pointer
D.
To check memory usage
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Solution
'free' is used to release memory that was previously allocated with 'malloc' or similar functions.
Correct Answer:
B
— To release allocated memory
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Q. What is the purpose of the 'gamma' parameter in the RBF kernel of SVM?
A.
To control the width of the margin
B.
To define the influence of a single training example
C.
To adjust the number of support vectors
D.
To increase the dimensionality of the data
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Solution
The 'gamma' parameter in the RBF kernel controls the influence of a single training example, affecting the decision boundary's shape.
Correct Answer:
B
— To define the influence of a single training example
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Q. What is the purpose of the 'min_samples_split' parameter in a Decision Tree?
A.
To control the minimum number of samples required to split an internal node.
B.
To set the maximum depth of the tree.
C.
To determine the minimum number of samples in a leaf node.
D.
To specify the maximum number of features to consider.
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Solution
'min_samples_split' controls the minimum number of samples required to split an internal node, helping to prevent overfitting.
Correct Answer:
A
— To control the minimum number of samples required to split an internal node.
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Q. What is the purpose of the 'n_estimators' parameter in a Random Forest model?
A.
To define the maximum depth of each tree
B.
To specify the number of trees in the forest
C.
To set the minimum samples required to split a node
D.
To determine the number of features to consider at each split
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Solution
'n_estimators' specifies the number of trees in the Random Forest, which affects the model's performance and stability.
Correct Answer:
B
— To specify the number of trees in the forest
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Q. What is the purpose of the 'return' statement in a function?
A.
To end the program
B.
To return a value from a function
C.
To declare a variable
D.
To create a loop
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Solution
The 'return' statement is used to return a value from a function to the caller.
Correct Answer:
B
— To return a value from a function
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Q. What is the purpose of the 'User-Agent' header in an HTTP request?
A.
To identify the client software
B.
To specify the content type
C.
To manage caching
D.
To authenticate the user
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Solution
The 'User-Agent' header is used to identify the client software making the request, providing information about the browser and operating system.
Correct Answer:
A
— To identify the client software
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Q. What is the purpose of the 'visited' array in Dijkstra's algorithm?
A.
To store the shortest path
B.
To track the vertices that have been processed
C.
To store the distances from the source
D.
To hold the edges of the graph
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Solution
The 'visited' array in Dijkstra's algorithm is used to track which vertices have been processed to avoid reprocessing them.
Correct Answer:
B
— To track the vertices that have been processed
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Q. What is the purpose of the Area Under the Curve (AUC) in ROC analysis?
A.
To measure the accuracy of the model
B.
To evaluate the model's performance across all classification thresholds
C.
To determine the model's precision
D.
To assess the model's recall
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Solution
AUC measures the model's performance across all classification thresholds, indicating its ability to distinguish between classes.
Correct Answer:
B
— To evaluate the model's performance across all classification thresholds
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Q. What is the purpose of the Area Under the ROC Curve (AUC-ROC)?
A.
To measure the accuracy of a model
B.
To evaluate the trade-off between true positive rate and false positive rate
C.
To calculate the precision of a model
D.
To determine the model's training time
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Solution
AUC-ROC evaluates the trade-off between the true positive rate and false positive rate across different thresholds.
Correct Answer:
B
— To evaluate the trade-off between true positive rate and false positive rate
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Q. What is the purpose of the confusion matrix?
A.
To visualize the performance of a classification model
B.
To calculate the accuracy of a regression model
C.
To determine feature importance
D.
To optimize hyperparameters
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Solution
The confusion matrix visualizes the performance of a classification model by showing true positives, false positives, true negatives, and false negatives.
Correct Answer:
A
— To visualize the performance of a classification model
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Q. What is the purpose of the default gateway in a network?
A.
To connect to the internet
B.
To route traffic between subnets
C.
To provide DHCP services
D.
To act as a firewall
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Solution
The default gateway routes traffic from a local network to destinations outside that network, typically between subnets.
Correct Answer:
B
— To route traffic between subnets
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Q. What is the purpose of the elbow method in clustering?
A.
To determine the optimal number of clusters
B.
To visualize cluster separation
C.
To evaluate cluster quality
D.
To reduce dimensionality
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Solution
The elbow method helps identify the optimal number of clusters by plotting the explained variance against the number of clusters.
Correct Answer:
A
— To determine the optimal number of clusters
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Q. What is the purpose of the elbow method in K-means clustering?
A.
To determine the optimal number of clusters
B.
To visualize the clusters formed
C.
To assess the performance of the algorithm
D.
To preprocess the data before clustering
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Solution
The elbow method is used to determine the optimal number of clusters by plotting the explained variance as a function of the number of clusters and identifying the 'elbow' point.
Correct Answer:
A
— To determine the optimal number of clusters
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Q. What is the purpose of the F-test in the context of linear regression?
A.
To test the significance of individual predictors
B.
To test the overall significance of the regression model
C.
To assess the normality of residuals
D.
To evaluate multicollinearity
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Solution
The F-test is used to determine the overall significance of the regression model.
Correct Answer:
B
— To test the overall significance of the regression model
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Q. What is the purpose of the forget gate in an LSTM?
A.
To decide what information to keep from the previous cell state.
B.
To determine the output of the LSTM.
C.
To initialize the cell state.
D.
To control the input to the cell state.
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Solution
The forget gate in an LSTM decides what information to discard from the previous cell state.
Correct Answer:
A
— To decide what information to keep from the previous cell state.
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Q. What is the purpose of the HTTP 'Cache-Control' header?
A.
To control the caching behavior of browsers
B.
To specify the content type
C.
To manage user sessions
D.
To redirect requests
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Solution
The Cache-Control header is used to specify directives for caching mechanisms in both requests and responses.
Correct Answer:
A
— To control the caching behavior of browsers
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Q. What is the purpose of the HTTP POST method?
A.
To retrieve data
B.
To send data to the server
C.
To update data
D.
To delete data
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Solution
The HTTP POST method is used to send data to the server, often resulting in a change in state or side effects on the server.
Correct Answer:
B
— To send data to the server
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Q. What is the purpose of the HTTP status code 404?
A.
OK
B.
Created
C.
Not Found
D.
Bad Request
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Solution
The HTTP status code 404 indicates that the requested resource was not found on the server.
Correct Answer:
C
— Not Found
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Q. What is the purpose of the intercept in a linear regression equation?
A.
To represent the predicted value when all independent variables are zero
B.
To indicate the strength of the relationship
C.
To adjust for multicollinearity
D.
To minimize the residuals
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Solution
The intercept represents the predicted value of the dependent variable when all independent variables are equal to zero.
Correct Answer:
A
— To represent the predicted value when all independent variables are zero
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Q. What is the purpose of the loss function in a neural network?
A.
To measure the accuracy of the model
B.
To quantify the difference between predicted and actual outputs
C.
To optimize the learning rate
D.
To determine the number of layers
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Solution
The loss function quantifies how well the neural network's predictions match the actual target values.
Correct Answer:
B
— To quantify the difference between predicted and actual outputs
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Q. What is the purpose of the Network Layer in the OSI model?
A.
Data formatting
B.
Routing packets
C.
Error detection
D.
Session management
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Solution
The Network Layer (Layer 3) is responsible for routing packets across different networks and managing logical addressing.
Correct Answer:
B
— Routing packets
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Q. What is the purpose of the network portion of an IP address?
A.
To identify the specific device on the network
B.
To identify the network to which the device belongs
C.
To provide error control
D.
To facilitate data transmission
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Solution
The network portion of an IP address identifies the specific network to which the device belongs.
Correct Answer:
B
— To identify the network to which the device belongs
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Q. What is the purpose of the Physical Layer in the OSI model?
A.
Data encryption
B.
Signal transmission
C.
Session management
D.
Data formatting
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Solution
The Physical Layer (Layer 1) is responsible for the transmission of raw bitstreams over a physical medium, including electrical signals and light pulses.
Correct Answer:
B
— Signal transmission
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Q. What is the purpose of the pooling layer in a CNN?
A.
To increase the dimensionality of the data
B.
To reduce the spatial size of the representation
C.
To apply non-linear transformations
D.
To connect neurons in the network
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Solution
The pooling layer reduces the spatial size of the representation, which decreases the number of parameters and computation in the network.
Correct Answer:
B
— To reduce the spatial size of the representation
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Q. What is the purpose of the R-squared metric?
A.
To measure the accuracy of classification
B.
To indicate the proportion of variance explained by the model
C.
To calculate the error rate
D.
To evaluate clustering performance
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Solution
R-squared indicates the proportion of variance in the dependent variable that can be explained by the independent variables in a regression model.
Correct Answer:
B
— To indicate the proportion of variance explained by the model
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Q. What is the purpose of the R-squared statistic in linear regression?
A.
To measure the correlation between two variables
B.
To indicate the proportion of variance explained by the model
C.
To assess the model's complexity
D.
To determine the number of features in the model
Show solution
Solution
R-squared indicates the proportion of variance in the dependent variable that can be explained by the independent variables in the model.
Correct Answer:
B
— To indicate the proportion of variance explained by the model
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Q. What is the purpose of the ROC curve?
A.
To visualize the trade-off between sensitivity and specificity
B.
To measure the accuracy of a regression model
C.
To determine the optimal threshold for classification
D.
Both A and C
Show solution
Solution
The ROC curve illustrates the performance of a binary classifier as its discrimination threshold is varied, showing the trade-off between true positive rate and false positive rate.
Correct Answer:
D
— Both A and C
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