Proteins are not typically included in plant tissue culture media, while mineral salts, vitamins, and sometimes antibiotics are used.

Vinegar is not used as a thickening agent in cooking; it is more commonly used in marinades and pickling.

An RNA primer is required to provide a starting point for DNA polymerase to begin synthesis.

Glassware can be sterilized using dry heat, as it can withstand high temperatures without damage.

Proteins can act as enzymes, catalyzing biochemical reactions.

All of the above modifications (5' capping, 3' polyadenylation, and RNA splicing) occur to mRNA before it is translated.

The flexor carpi radialis is innervated by the median nerve.

A missense mutation results in a different amino acid being incorporated into the protein, potentially altering its function.

Thymine is found in DNA, while RNA contains uracil instead.

The pancreas is located in the retroperitoneal space, behind the peritoneum.

Proper disposal of hazardous waste is crucial in preventing water pollution.

RNA splicing is a process that occurs after transcription in eukaryotic cells, where introns are removed and exons are joined.

Plasmodium falciparum is the protozoan responsible for the most severe form of malaria.

Intravenous administration results in the highest bioavailability since the drug is delivered directly into the systemic circulation.

DNA replication is a semi-conservative process, meaning each new DNA molecule consists of one old strand and one new strand.

Enzyme inhibitors can be either reversible or irreversible, affecting enzyme activity in different ways.

Enzymes are specific to their substrates, meaning each enzyme typically catalyzes only one type of reaction.

Oxidative phosphorylation requires oxygen as the final electron acceptor in the electron transport chain.

The pancreas is an accessory organ and is not part of the gastrointestinal tract.

The stomach is located in the abdominal cavity, not the pelvic cavity.

Karyotyping is a laboratory technique used to visualize and analyze the number and structure of chromosomes.

Mass spectrometry is a widely used technique for determining the sequence of amino acids in peptides.

Electroporation is a technique used to introduce recombinant DNA into host cells by applying an electrical field to increase cell permeability.

Herbicide resistance is a trait that can be introduced into transgenic plants, allowing them to survive applications of certain herbicides.

Plant breeding often targets multiple traits, including disease resistance, nutritional content, and drought tolerance.

Antiretroviral therapy (ART) is the standard treatment for HIV infection.

Osteosarcoma is classified as a sarcoma, which is a malignant tumor arising from connective tissues, while the others are carcinomas.

Bacterial artificial chromosomes (BACs) can carry larger DNA inserts compared to plasmids, viral vectors, or cosmids.

Human papillomavirus (HPV) is strongly associated with the development of cervical cancer.

SARS is caused by the SARS coronavirus (SARS-CoV).