The Inorganic Chemistry section covers the structure, properties, reactions, and applications of elements and their compounds , forming a core pillar of Class 11–12 Chemistry and undergraduate syllabi . This category is designed for school students, undergraduate learners, and competitive exam aspirants , with strong emphasis on NCERT alignment, conceptual clarity, and exam relevance .
In this section, you will study:
Periodic table and periodic trends – atomic size, ionization energy, electronegativity, and reactivity
Chemical bonding and molecular structure – ionic, covalent, metallic bonding, VBT, MOT, and hybridization
Hydrogen and s-block elements – properties, compounds, and applications
p-block elements – group-wise chemistry, important compounds, and trends
d- and f-block elements – transition metals, coordination behavior, and properties
Coordination compounds – nomenclature, isomerism, bonding theories, and applications
Qualitative inorganic analysis – identification of ions and systematic analysis
Industrial and biological importance of inorganic compounds
NCERT- and UG-aligned explanations , supported by reaction mechanisms, tables, diagrams, MCQs, numericals, and PYQs
The content is structured to build strong fundamentals , improve memorization through logic , and help students tackle both theoretical and application-based questions confidently.
Develop a solid foundation in Inorganic Chemistry to excel in school examinations, undergraduate courses, and competitive exams such as NEET, JEE, and CUET .
Q. What is the primary product of the reaction between zinc and hydrochloric acid?
A.
Zinc chloride
B.
Hydrogen gas
C.
Zinc hydroxide
D.
Zinc oxide
Show solution
Solution
The reaction produces zinc chloride and hydrogen gas as a byproduct.
Correct Answer:
A
— Zinc chloride
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Q. What is the primary product when hydrogen gas reacts with chlorine gas?
A.
HCl
B.
Cl2
C.
H2Cl2
D.
H2O
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Solution
The reaction between hydrogen gas (H2) and chlorine gas (Cl2) produces hydrogen chloride (HCl).
Correct Answer:
A
— HCl
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Q. What is the primary product when hydrogen gas reacts with oxygen gas?
A.
Water
B.
Hydrogen peroxide
C.
Ozone
D.
Hydrochloric acid
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Solution
The primary product of the reaction between hydrogen and oxygen is water (H2O).
Correct Answer:
A
— Water
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Q. What is the primary product when hydrogen reacts with a metal oxide?
A.
Water
B.
Metal
C.
Hydroxide
D.
Salt
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Solution
When hydrogen reacts with a metal oxide, the primary product is the corresponding metal.
Correct Answer:
B
— Metal
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Q. What is the primary product when hydrogen reacts with chlorine gas?
A.
HCl
B.
H2Cl2
C.
Cl2
D.
H2O
Show solution
Solution
The primary product of the reaction between hydrogen and chlorine gas is hydrogen chloride (HCl).
Correct Answer:
A
— HCl
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Q. What is the primary product when NaOH reacts with HCl?
A.
NaCl
B.
H2O
C.
NaCl and H2O
D.
NaOH
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Solution
The reaction between NaOH and HCl produces NaCl (sodium chloride) and H2O (water).
Correct Answer:
C
— NaCl and H2O
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Q. What is the primary purpose of adding flux during the metallurgy process?
A.
To reduce oxidation
B.
To increase melting point
C.
To remove impurities
D.
To enhance conductivity
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Solution
Flux is added to remove impurities from the metal during the extraction process.
Correct Answer:
C
— To remove impurities
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Q. What is the primary purpose of alloying metals?
A.
To decrease strength
B.
To improve corrosion resistance
C.
To increase melting point
D.
To reduce weight
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Solution
Alloying metals is primarily done to improve properties such as strength, corrosion resistance, and other physical characteristics.
Correct Answer:
B
— To improve corrosion resistance
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Q. What is the primary purpose of roasting in metallurgy?
A.
To reduce metal oxides
B.
To remove impurities
C.
To convert sulfide ores to oxides
D.
To increase metal yield
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Solution
Roasting is used to convert sulfide ores into oxides, making them easier to reduce.
Correct Answer:
C
— To convert sulfide ores to oxides
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Q. What is the primary purpose of the blast furnace in metallurgy?
A.
To purify metals
B.
To reduce metal ores
C.
To melt metals
D.
To alloy metals
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Solution
The blast furnace is primarily used to reduce iron ore into molten iron.
Correct Answer:
B
— To reduce metal ores
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Q. What is the primary purpose of the electrolytic refining process?
A.
To increase the yield of metal
B.
To purify the metal
C.
To alloy metals
D.
To reduce the cost of extraction
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Solution
Electrolytic refining is primarily used to purify metals by removing impurities.
Correct Answer:
B
— To purify the metal
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Q. What is the primary reaction type involved in the extraction of metals from their ores?
A.
Decomposition
B.
Synthesis
C.
Displacement
D.
Redox
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Solution
The extraction of metals from their ores primarily involves redox reactions.
Correct Answer:
D
— Redox
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Q. What is the primary reason for the catalytic activity of transition metals?
A.
High atomic mass
B.
Variable oxidation states
C.
Low ionization energy
D.
High electronegativity
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Solution
The variable oxidation states of transition metals allow them to participate in a variety of chemical reactions, making them effective catalysts.
Correct Answer:
B
— Variable oxidation states
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Q. What is the primary reason for the formation of coordination complexes?
A.
Ionic bonding
B.
Covalent bonding
C.
Metal-ligand interactions
D.
Hydrogen bonding
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Solution
Coordination complexes form primarily due to metal-ligand interactions, which can involve coordinate covalent bonds.
Correct Answer:
C
— Metal-ligand interactions
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Q. What is the primary reason for the formation of coordination compounds?
A.
High electronegativity
B.
Availability of d-orbitals
C.
Low ionization energy
D.
High atomic radius
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Solution
The availability of d-orbitals allows transition metals to form coordination compounds.
Correct Answer:
B
— Availability of d-orbitals
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Q. What is the primary reason for the high electronegativity of hydrogen compared to alkali metals?
A.
It has a full outer shell
B.
It has a small atomic radius
C.
It can form multiple bonds
D.
It is a non-metal
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Solution
Hydrogen has a small atomic radius, which allows it to attract electrons more effectively than larger alkali metals.
Correct Answer:
B
— It has a small atomic radius
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Q. What is the primary reason for the increase in ionization energy across a period?
A.
Increased nuclear charge
B.
Decreased electron shielding
C.
Increased atomic radius
D.
Decreased electronegativity
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Solution
As you move across a period, the nuclear charge increases while the shielding effect remains relatively constant, leading to higher ionization energy.
Correct Answer:
A
— Increased nuclear charge
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Q. What is the primary role of a base in a neutralization reaction?
A.
To donate protons
B.
To accept protons
C.
To produce salts
D.
To increase pH
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Solution
In a neutralization reaction, a base acts as a proton acceptor, reacting with an acid to form water and a salt.
Correct Answer:
B
— To accept protons
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Q. What is the primary role of a buffer solution?
A.
To change pH rapidly
B.
To maintain a stable pH
C.
To neutralize acids only
D.
To neutralize bases only
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Solution
A buffer solution maintains a stable pH when small amounts of acid or base are added.
Correct Answer:
B
— To maintain a stable pH
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Q. What is the primary role of a flux in metallurgy?
A.
To increase metal purity
B.
To lower melting point
C.
To remove impurities
D.
To enhance conductivity
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Solution
The primary role of a flux is to remove impurities from the metal during the extraction process.
Correct Answer:
C
— To remove impurities
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Q. What is the primary role of a leaching agent in metallurgy?
A.
To oxidize metals
B.
To dissolve metal ores
C.
To precipitate metals
D.
To reduce metal ions
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Solution
A leaching agent is used to dissolve metal ores, allowing for the extraction of metals.
Correct Answer:
B
— To dissolve metal ores
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Q. What is the primary role of a reducing agent in a redox reaction?
A.
To gain electrons
B.
To lose electrons
C.
To increase oxidation state
D.
To decrease oxidation state
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Solution
A reducing agent donates electrons to another species, thereby reducing its oxidation state while itself being oxidized.
Correct Answer:
B
— To lose electrons
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Q. What is the primary role of a reducing agent in metallurgy?
A.
To oxidize the metal
B.
To reduce the metal ion
C.
To increase the temperature
D.
To form alloys
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Solution
A reducing agent donates electrons to reduce metal ions to their elemental form.
Correct Answer:
B
— To reduce the metal ion
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Q. What is the primary role of carbon in the extraction of iron from its ore?
A.
To act as a catalyst
B.
To reduce iron oxide
C.
To increase melting point
D.
To form alloys
Show solution
Solution
Carbon acts as a reducing agent, reducing iron oxide to iron during the extraction process.
Correct Answer:
B
— To reduce iron oxide
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Q. What is the primary role of flux in metallurgy?
A.
To increase temperature
B.
To reduce metal oxides
C.
To combine with impurities
D.
To enhance metal properties
Show solution
Solution
Flux combines with impurities to form a slag that can be removed during the smelting process.
Correct Answer:
C
— To combine with impurities
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Q. What is the primary role of hydrogen in acid-base reactions?
A.
Acting as a base
B.
Acting as a solvent
C.
Acting as a proton donor
D.
Acting as a catalyst
Show solution
Solution
In acid-base reactions, hydrogen typically acts as a proton donor, which is characteristic of acids.
Correct Answer:
C
— Acting as a proton donor
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Q. What is the primary role of ligands in coordination chemistry?
A.
To increase the oxidation state
B.
To stabilize the metal center
C.
To provide electrons for bonding
D.
To change the color of the complex
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Solution
Ligands provide electron pairs to the metal center, forming coordinate covalent bonds and stabilizing the metal complex.
Correct Answer:
C
— To provide electrons for bonding
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Q. What is the primary role of ligands in coordination compounds?
A.
To increase solubility
B.
To stabilize the metal ion
C.
To provide color
D.
To act as a reducing agent
Show solution
Solution
Ligands stabilize the metal ion by forming coordinate covalent bonds.
Correct Answer:
B
— To stabilize the metal ion
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Q. What is the primary role of reducing agents in metallurgy?
A.
To oxidize metals
B.
To reduce metal oxides
C.
To increase metal reactivity
D.
To stabilize metal ions
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Solution
Reducing agents donate electrons to metal oxides, converting them into pure metals.
Correct Answer:
B
— To reduce metal oxides
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Q. What is the primary type of bonding in coordination compounds?
A.
Ionic bonding
B.
Covalent bonding
C.
Metallic bonding
D.
Coordinate covalent bonding
Show solution
Solution
Coordination compounds primarily involve coordinate covalent bonding where ligands donate electron pairs to the metal.
Correct Answer:
D
— Coordinate covalent bonding
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