Yeast is responsible for fermentation, converting sugars into alcohol and carbon dioxide in beer production.

Zymogens are inactive enzyme precursors that require a biochemical change to become active.

The primary goal of secondary treatment is to reduce biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) by degrading organic matter through microbial activity.

Plasmodium species primarily inhabit the liver during the initial stages of malaria infection.

Carrots are rich in beta-carotene, which the body converts to vitamin A, crucial for maintaining good vision.

Garlic is known to help lower blood pressure and improve cardiovascular health.

Omega-3 fatty acids are known to reduce inflammation, which can help in various chronic conditions.

Sauerkraut is rich in probiotics, which are beneficial for gut health.

Exposure to lead primarily causes neurological damage, particularly in children.

Excessive beer consumption is primarily associated with an increased risk of liver disease.

Acid-fast bacilli staining is a primary laboratory method used to identify Mycobacterium species.

The coagulase test is used to differentiate Staphylococcus aureus from other Staphylococcus species.

Alanine aminotransferase (ALT) is the primary liver enzyme that is elevated in hepatitis infections.

Allosteric enzymes are regulated by the binding of molecules at sites other than the active site, which alters their activity.

Horizontal gene transfer is the primary mechanism by which antibiotic resistance genes are spread among bacteria.

Ionizing radiation primarily causes direct DNA damage, leading to mutations and cell death.

Horizontal gene transfer can occur through transformation, transduction, and conjugation, making 'All of the above' the correct answer.

Hand hygiene is the primary method of preventing bacterial infections, as it reduces the transmission of pathogens.

Vaccination is a primary method used to prevent the spread of avian influenza in poultry populations.

Vaccination is the primary method of prevention for hepatitis B virus infection.

Binary fission is the primary method of asexual reproduction in most algae.

Cooking food thoroughly is the primary method to kill harmful bacteria and prevent foodborne illnesses.

Fermentation is the process used by bacteria like Lactobacillus to convert lactose into lactic acid, producing yogurt.

Molds primarily reproduce through spore formation, which allows them to spread and colonize new environments.

Brucella species are primarily transmitted through direct contact with infected animals or consumption of unpasteurized dairy products.

Giardia lamblia is primarily transmitted through contaminated water sources.

Hepatitis A virus is primarily transmitted through the fecal-oral route, often via contaminated food or water.

Lyme disease is primarily transmitted through the bite of infected ticks.

Pseudomonas aeruginosa is primarily transmitted through direct contact with contaminated surfaces, especially in healthcare environments.

Rabies virus is primarily transmitted through direct contact with the saliva of an infected animal, typically via bites.