When a diode is reverse-biased, the voltage across it increases until it reaches the breakdown voltage, at which point it can conduct in reverse.

In an AC circuit, the voltage varies sinusoidally over time.

When a BJT is in saturation, it acts as a closed switch, allowing maximum current to flow from collector to emitter.

Resonance in RLC circuits occurs when the current is maximized at a specific frequency.

The bandgap energy is the energy required to free an electron from the valence band to the conduction band in a semiconductor.

The bandgap energy is the energy required to free an electron from the valence band to the conduction band in semiconductors.

Silicon has a bandgap energy of approximately 1.1 eV, which is crucial for its semiconductor properties.

Transformers operate on the principle of electromagnetic induction.

At high frequencies, an inductor acts as an open circuit due to its reactance.

The characteristic equation of a first-order system is s + 1/τ = 0, where τ is the time constant.

The characteristic equation of a second-order system is s^2 + 2ζω_ns + ω_n^2 = 0, where ζ is the damping ratio and ω_n is the natural frequency.

In the small-signal model of a diode, it is represented as a linear resistance (dynamic resistance) around the operating point.

The depletion region in a semiconductor diode is a region of low conductivity where no free charge carriers are present due to recombination.

Adding a capacitor in parallel with a resistor affects the time constant of the circuit, as it introduces a reactive component.

A FET can control the load current based on the gate voltage applied, allowing for variable control in series circuits.

Increasing capacitance in an RC circuit increases the time constant (τ = R*C), leading to a slower time response.

Connecting a diode in parallel with a resistor allows current to bypass the resistor when the diode is forward-biased.

Increasing capacitance in an RC circuit results in a slower response due to a larger time constant.

According to Ohm's Law, if resistance increases while voltage remains constant, the current will decrease.

Increasing the feedback resistor (Rf) in a non-inverting op-amp configuration increases the gain.

As the frequency of an AC signal increases, a capacitor allows more current to pass due to its decreasing reactance.

Increasing the frequency of an AC signal decreases the reverse recovery time of a diode, allowing it to switch faster.

The reactance of a capacitor decreases with increasing frequency, allowing more AC current to pass.

Increasing the gate voltage in an n-channel FET enhances the channel conductivity, thus increasing the current.

Increasing the load resistance generally decreases the power delivered to the load, according to Ohm's law.

Increasing the number of turns in an inductor increases its inductance.

Increasing the number of turns in the primary winding increases the output voltage in a step-up transformer.

Increasing the resistance in an RL circuit decreases the current according to Ohm's law.

Increasing Rf in a non-inverting op-amp configuration increases the output voltage.

Increasing the voltage across a capacitor increases the amount of charge stored, as capacitance is constant.