In a thermodynamic cycle, the net work done is equal to the net heat added to the system, according to the first law of thermodynamics.

In a thermodynamic cycle, the net work done is equal to the net heat added to the system, as the internal energy change is zero.

The internal energy of a system increases if heat is added to the system or work is done on the system.

According to Gay-Lussac's Law, if the volume decreases at constant pressure, the temperature must increase.

According to Boyle's Law, for a constant temperature, pressure is inversely proportional to volume. If volume doubles, pressure halves.

When light reflects off a denser medium, a phase change of π occurs, leading to destructive interference for certain path differences.

As the angle of incidence increases, the effective path difference changes, causing a shift in the observed colors.

When light reflects off a denser medium, it undergoes a phase change of π (180 degrees).

For the first dark fringe in thin film interference, the condition is 2nt = (m + 1/2)λ, where m = 0.

For constructive interference in thin films, the condition is 2nt = mλ, where m is an integer.

Destructive interference occurs when 2t = (m + 1/2)λ, where m is an integer.

Red light has the longest wavelength and will appear at the center of the interference pattern.

At the center of a thin film, constructive interference occurs for longer wavelengths (red light), making red the dominant color seen.

The colors in soap bubbles are due to thin film interference caused by the reflection and refraction of light at the film's surfaces.

When light reflects off a medium with a higher refractive index, a phase change of π occurs, leading to destructive interference.

A dark fringe occurs when the path difference is an odd multiple of the wavelength (λ/2), leading to destructive interference.

Destructive interference in thin films occurs when the effective path difference is an odd multiple of half the wavelength, given by 2t = (m + 1/2)λ.

Red light has the longest wavelength and is least affected by interference effects in thin films compared to shorter wavelengths.

For constructive interference in a thin film with a denser medium below, the condition is 2t = mλ.

Wavelength in the film λ' = λ/n. If λ = 900 nm, then λ' = 900 nm / 1.5 = 600 nm.

For constructive interference in a thin film, the condition is 2t = mλ, where m is an integer.

For destructive interference in a thin film, the condition is 2t = (m + 1/2)λ, where m is an integer.

For destructive interference in a thin film, the condition is 2t = (m + 1/2)λ, where m is an integer.

Wavelength in oil = λ/n, where n is the refractive index of oil. Assuming n = 1.5, λ_oil = 600 nm / 1.5 = 400 nm.

Destructive interference for blue light means blue light is canceled out, allowing longer wavelengths (like red) to be seen.

Constructive interference for blue light indicates that blue will be the color seen due to the film thickness.

If destructive interference occurs for blue light, the color seen will be the complementary color, which is red.

The color seen depends on the thickness of the film and the wavelength of light. Typically, red is seen due to constructive interference for certain thicknesses.

Due to the phenomenon of thin film interference, the color that is most prominently reflected depends on the thickness of the film and the wavelength of light. Typically, blue light is more likely to be reflected due to shorter wavelengths.

The color that is most prominently reflected depends on the thickness of the film and the wavelength of light. Typically, shorter wavelengths (like blue) are more affected by thin films.