In CH3OH (methanol), the carbon atom is sp3 hybridized, forming four sigma bonds with three hydrogens and one hydroxyl group.

In PCl5, the phosphorus atom is sp3d hybridized, allowing it to form five bonds in a trigonal bipyramidal geometry.

C6H5OH is phenol, which contains a hydroxyl group (-OH) directly attached to a benzene ring.

All the given compounds contain a phenyl group (C6H5) as part of their structure.

CH3-CH2-NH2 contains an amine functional group (-NH2), which is characteristic of amines.

In sodium hydride (NaH), hydrogen has an oxidation state of -1.

2-butanol has a chiral center and can exist as two enantiomers, thus exhibiting optical isomerism.

CH4 has four bonding pairs of electrons and no lone pairs, resulting in a tetrahedral molecular geometry.

Lattice energy increases with charge and decreases with size. MgO has a higher charge (2+) compared to NaCl (1+), KBr (1+), and CaF2 (2+ but larger size).

2,3-butanediol has two chiral centers, leading to 4 stereoisomers, while the others have fewer.

CH3-COOH is a carboxylic acid because it contains the -COOH functional group.

EDTA (ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid) is a chelating agent that can bind to metal ions.

2-butanol has a chiral center and can exist as two enantiomers, making it chiral.

Benzoyl chloride is a common electrophile used in Friedel-Crafts acylation, where it reacts with benzene to form an acylated product.

Iron commonly exhibits oxidation states of +2 and +3, with +2 being the most stable in many compounds.

Ag(NH3)2Cl is a coordination complex where silver is coordinated to two ammonia molecules.

Cu(NH3)4SO4 is a coordination compound with a central metal ion surrounded by ligands.

Cyclopentene is a cyclic compound that contains a double bond, making it a cyclic alkene.

The functional group of alkenes is the carbon-carbon double bond represented as -C=C-.

2-butene can exist in two geometric forms: cis-2-butene and trans-2-butene. The correct answer is trans-2-butene.

C2H5Br is a haloalkane, as it contains a carbon chain with a bromine atom attached.

Boron trifluoride (BF3) is a Lewis acid because it can accept an electron pair.

2,3-butanediol has two chiral centers but is superimposable on its mirror image, making it a meso compound.

The nitro group (-NO2) is a meta-directing group because it withdraws electrons from the aromatic ring, making the ortho and para positions less favorable for electrophilic attack.

A primary alcohol is one where the hydroxyl group (-OH) is attached to a carbon that is only connected to one other carbon. CH3CH2OH (ethanol) is a primary alcohol.

1-bromobutane is a primary alkyl halide because the carbon bonded to the bromine is attached to only one other carbon.

NaCl (sodium chloride) is a salt formed from the neutralization of an acid (HCl) and a base (NaOH).

2-Butanol is a secondary alcohol because the hydroxyl group is attached to a carbon that is connected to two other carbons.

The compound CH3-CH2-NH-CH3 is a secondary amine as it has two alkyl groups attached to the nitrogen.

Hydrochloric acid (HCl) is a strong acid, while water (H2O), ammonia (NH3), and methane (CH4) are not.