Chemistry (School & UG)

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Chemistry (School & UG)

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The Chemistry (School & UG) category covers the fundamental to advanced concepts of Chemistry, structured to support Class 11–12 students, competitive exam aspirants, and undergraduate learners. The content emphasizes conceptual clarity, problem-solving skills, and strong alignment with NCERT and university syllabi.

In this category, you will study:

Physical Chemistry – atomic structure, thermodynamics, chemical kinetics, equilibrium, electrochemistry, and solutions
Organic Chemistry – basic principles, reaction mechanisms, hydrocarbons, functional groups, biomolecules, and polymers
Inorganic Chemistry – periodic trends, chemical bonding, coordination compounds, metallurgy, and s-, p-, d-, and f-block elements
Numerical problem-solving – formula-based calculations, mole concept, and graph-based questions
Reaction mechanisms and derivations with step-by-step explanations
Comparisons, trends, and exceptions important for exams
NCERT-based theory, supported by diagrams, tables, MCQs, assertion–reason questions, numericals, and PYQs

The content is designed to build strong foundations, improve analytical and quantitative skills, and prepare students for school examinations, competitive exams, and undergraduate assessments.

Develop a clear, logical, and application-oriented understanding of Chemistry to excel academically and confidently tackle problem-based and conceptual questions at both school and UG levels.

Analytical Techniques Inorganic Chemistry Organic Chemistry Physical Chemistry

Q. Which molecule exhibits resonance due to hybridization?

A. C6H6
B. C2H2
C. CH4
D. C2H4

Solution

Benzene (C6H6) exhibits resonance due to the delocalization of electrons in the sp2 hybridized carbon atoms forming a cyclic structure.

Correct Answer: A — C6H6

Q. Which molecule exhibits resonance?

A. H2O
B. CO2
C. O3
D. CH4

Solution

Ozone (O3) exhibits resonance due to the delocalization of electrons between the three oxygen atoms.

Correct Answer: C — O3

Q. Which of the following acids is a strong acid and can completely dissociate in water?

A. Acetic acid
B. Sulfuric acid
C. Phosphoric acid
D. Carbonic acid

Solution

Sulfuric acid is a strong acid that completely dissociates in water, making it a strong electrolyte.

Correct Answer: B — Sulfuric acid

Q. Which of the following acids is a strong acid in aqueous solution?

A. HCl
B. HF
C. H2CO3
D. CH3COOH

Solution

HCl is a strong acid that completely dissociates in water, while HF, H2CO3, and CH3COOH are weak acids.

Correct Answer: A — HCl

Q. Which of the following acids is a strong acid that can be used to dissolve metals?

A. HCl
B. H2SO4
C. HNO3
D. All of the above

Solution

All of the listed acids (HCl, H2SO4, HNO3) are strong acids that can effectively dissolve metals.

Correct Answer: D — All of the above

Q. Which of the following acids is a strong acid?

A. HCl
B. HF
C. H2CO3
D. CH3COOH

Solution

HCl is a strong acid that completely dissociates in water, while HF, H2CO3, and CH3COOH are weak acids.

Correct Answer: A — HCl

Q. Which of the following acids is commonly used in car batteries?

A. Sulfuric acid
B. Hydrochloric acid
C. Nitric acid
D. Acetic acid

Solution

Sulfuric acid is the primary acid used in lead-acid batteries, which are commonly found in cars.

Correct Answer: A — Sulfuric acid

Q. Which of the following acids is commonly used in the leaching process of gold extraction?

A. Hydrochloric acid
B. Nitric acid
C. Sulfuric acid
D. Cyanide solution

Solution

Cyanide solution is used in the leaching process to dissolve gold from its ore.

Correct Answer: D — Cyanide solution

Q. Which of the following acids is commonly used in the leaching process of gold?

A. Hydrochloric acid
B. Nitric acid
C. Sulfuric acid
D. Cyanide solution

Solution

Cyanide solution is commonly used in the leaching process to extract gold from its ores.

Correct Answer: D — Cyanide solution

Q. Which of the following acids is commonly used in the leaching process of metals?

A. Sulfuric acid
B. Hydrochloric acid
C. Nitric acid
D. Acetic acid

Solution

Sulfuric acid is commonly used in the leaching process to dissolve metal ores.

Correct Answer: A — Sulfuric acid

Q. Which of the following acids is commonly used in the pickling process of metals?

A. Sulfuric acid
B. Hydrochloric acid
C. Nitric acid
D. Acetic acid

Solution

Hydrochloric acid is commonly used in the pickling process to remove rust and scale from metals.

Correct Answer: B — Hydrochloric acid

Q. Which of the following acids is commonly used in the production of fertilizers?

A. Sulfuric acid
B. Hydrochloric acid
C. Nitric acid
D. Acetic acid

Solution

Nitric acid is widely used in the production of fertilizers, particularly ammonium nitrate.

Correct Answer: C — Nitric acid

Q. Which of the following acids is diprotic?

A. HCl
B. H2SO4
C. HNO3
D. CH3COOH

Solution

H2SO4 (sulfuric acid) is a diprotic acid, meaning it can donate two protons (H+ ions) in solution.

Correct Answer: B — H2SO4

Q. Which of the following acids is used in the production of fertilizers?

A. Phosphoric acid
B. Sulfuric acid
C. Nitric acid
D. All of the above

Solution

All of the listed acids (phosphoric, sulfuric, and nitric) are used in the production of various fertilizers.

Correct Answer: D — All of the above

Q. Which of the following bases is commonly used in the manufacture of soap?

A. Sodium hydroxide
B. Potassium hydroxide
C. Calcium hydroxide
D. Ammonium hydroxide

Solution

Sodium hydroxide is commonly used in the saponification process to produce soap from fats and oils.

Correct Answer: A — Sodium hydroxide

Q. Which of the following bases is commonly used in the production of soap?

A. Sodium hydroxide
B. Potassium hydroxide
C. Calcium hydroxide
D. Ammonium hydroxide

Solution

Sodium hydroxide is commonly used in the saponification process to produce soap.

Correct Answer: A — Sodium hydroxide

Q. Which of the following best describes the behavior of real gases compared to ideal gases?

A. Real gases have no volume.
B. Real gases do not exert intermolecular forces.
C. Real gases deviate from ideal behavior at high pressures.
D. Real gases behave exactly like ideal gases.

Solution

Real gases deviate from ideal behavior at high pressures due to increased intermolecular forces and the volume occupied by gas molecules.

Correct Answer: C — Real gases deviate from ideal behavior at high pressures.

Q. Which of the following best describes the bond angle in a water molecule?

A. 180 degrees
B. 120 degrees
C. 109.5 degrees
D. 104.5 degrees

Solution

The bond angle in water is approximately 104.5 degrees due to the repulsion of the two lone pairs on the oxygen atom.

Correct Answer: D — 104.5 degrees

Q. Which of the following biomolecules is primarily responsible for energy storage in animals?

A. Proteins
B. Nucleic acids
C. Carbohydrates
D. Lipids

Solution

Lipids, particularly triglycerides, are primarily responsible for energy storage in animals.

Correct Answer: D — Lipids

Q. Which of the following bonds is the most polar?

A. C-H
B. O-H
C. N-H
D. S-H

Solution

The O-H bond is the most polar due to the high electronegativity difference between oxygen and hydrogen.

Correct Answer: B — O-H

Q. Which of the following complexes is an example of a square planar geometry?

A. [Ni(CN)4]2-
B. [Co(NH3)6]3+
C. [Fe(H2O)6]2+
D. [CuCl4]2-

Solution

[Ni(CN)4]2- is a square planar complex, while the others typically exhibit octahedral geometry.

Correct Answer: A — [Ni(CN)4]2-

Q. Which of the following compounds acts as a Brønsted-Lowry acid?

A. NH3
B. H2O
C. HCl
D. NaOH

Solution

HCl acts as a Brønsted-Lowry acid because it donates a proton (H+).

Correct Answer: C — HCl

Q. Which of the following compounds acts as a Brønsted-Lowry base?

A. HCl
B. NH3
C. H2O
D. CH3COOH

Solution

NH3 acts as a Brønsted-Lowry base because it can accept a proton.

Correct Answer: B — NH3

Q. Which of the following compounds acts as a Lewis acid?

A. BF3
B. NH3
C. H2O
D. NaOH

Solution

BF3 (boron trifluoride) is a Lewis acid because it can accept an electron pair.

Correct Answer: A — BF3

Q. Which of the following compounds can exhibit cis-trans isomerism?

A. 1-hexene
B. Cyclohexane
C. 2-hexene
D. Benzene

Solution

2-hexene has a double bond that allows for cis and trans configurations.

Correct Answer: C — 2-hexene

Q. Which of the following compounds can exhibit optical isomerism?

A. 2-butanol
B. 1-butanol
C. butane
D. propene

Solution

2-butanol has a chiral center and can exist as two enantiomers, thus exhibiting optical isomerism.

Correct Answer: A — 2-butanol

Q. Which of the following compounds can undergo an E1 elimination reaction?

A. 1-bromobutane
B. 2-bromobutane
C. 3-bromobutane
D. Cyclohexyl bromide

Solution

2-bromobutane can undergo E1 elimination due to the stability of the carbocation formed during the reaction.

Correct Answer: B — 2-bromobutane

Q. Which of the following compounds can undergo an E2 elimination reaction?

A. Tertiary alkyl halides
B. Primary alkyl halides
C. Vinyl halides
D. All of the above

Solution

Tertiary alkyl halides are most favorable for E2 reactions, but primary and vinyl halides can also undergo E2 under certain conditions.

Correct Answer: A — Tertiary alkyl halides

Q. Which of the following compounds can undergo an SN1 reaction?

A. 1-bromopropane
B. 2-bromopropane
C. 3-bromopropane
D. Bromobenzene

Solution

3-bromopropane can undergo an SN1 reaction due to the stability of the tertiary carbocation that forms during the reaction.

Correct Answer: C — 3-bromopropane

Q. Which of the following compounds can undergo electrophilic substitution reactions?

A. Cyclohexane
B. Benzene
C. Hexane
D. Cyclopentane

Solution

Benzene can undergo electrophilic substitution reactions due to its stable aromatic system, while the other compounds cannot.

Correct Answer: B — Benzene

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