Algae, particularly carrageenan from red algae, is commonly used as a thickening agent in food products.

Citric acid is often used in food preservation to adjust pH, which helps inhibit microbial growth.

Monoclonal antibodies are often used in targeted therapy to specifically attack cancer cells.

Pickles are commonly used as a condiment to enhance the flavor of dishes.

Influenza is a common viral infection that affects the respiratory system.

A nucleotide is composed of a sugar, a phosphate group, and a nitrogenous base.

Excessive carbohydrate intake can lead to weight gain.

Fluid retention is a common consequence of renal failure due to the kidneys' inability to excrete excess fluid and waste.

The Second Law of Thermodynamics states that the total entropy of an isolated system can never decrease over time.

A disadvantage of immobilized enzymes can be reduced enzyme activity due to steric hindrance or changes in the enzyme's conformation.

A disadvantage of using chlorine for disinfection is that it can form harmful byproducts, such as trihalomethanes, which are toxic.

Gene guns often have low transformation efficiency compared to other methods like Agrobacterium-mediated transformation.

Essential fatty acids play roles in energy production, cell membrane structure, and hormone synthesis.

Nucleotides serve multiple functions, including energy storage (ATP), cell signaling (cAMP), and genetic information storage (DNA and RNA).

The endothelium plays a crucial role in regulating vascular tone and maintaining homeostasis in the cardiovascular system.

The integumentary system serves multiple functions including protection, temperature regulation, and sensation.

The liver detoxifies harmful substances, metabolizes drugs, and produces bile, among other functions.

The muscular system is primarily responsible for the movement of the body.

Burkholderia pseudomallei infection is often characterized by abscess formation, particularly in the lungs and other organs.

Certain harmful algal blooms caused by aquatic microbes can lead to oxygen depletion in water bodies, negatively impacting aquatic life.

Genetically modified crops are often engineered to achieve higher yields and better resistance to pests.

Synthetic seeds are created using plant tissue culture techniques, which allow for the development of plant embryos.

The epidemiological triangle consists of three components: agent, host, and environment.

A feedback mechanism in homeostasis includes a stimulus, a control center that processes the information, and a response that acts to restore balance.

All of these factors are crucial in the synthesis of therapeutic agents.

In prokaryotes, transcription occurs in the cytoplasm, while in eukaryotes it occurs in the nucleus.

Temperature control is crucial for maintaining the viability of cultured animal cells, as they require specific conditions to thrive.

All of the above factors—temperature control, pH adjustment, and nutrient supply—are crucial for optimizing fermentation processes.

All of the listed factors—water temperature, salinity, and nutrient availability—significantly influence microbial diversity in aquatic environments.

Monoclonal antibodies are produced from a single clone of B cells, making them specific to a single epitope.