Q. Which of the following is a common non-sporing anaerobe found in the human mouth?
-
A.
Clostridium
-
B.
Bacteroides
-
C.
Fusobacterium
-
D.
Staphylococcus
Solution
Fusobacterium is a common non-sporing anaerobe found in the human oral cavity.
Correct Answer:
C
— Fusobacterium
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Q. Which of the following is a common opportunistic infection in immunocompromised patients?
-
A.
Streptococcal pharyngitis
-
B.
Candidiasis
-
C.
Tuberculosis
-
D.
Chlamydia
Solution
Candidiasis, caused by Candida species, is a common opportunistic infection that can occur in immunocompromised individuals.
Correct Answer:
B
— Candidiasis
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Q. Which of the following is a common pathogen in the Enterobacteriaceae family?
-
A.
Escherichia coli
-
B.
Staphylococcus aureus
-
C.
Streptococcus pneumoniae
-
D.
Clostridium difficile
Solution
Escherichia coli is a well-known pathogen within the Enterobacteriaceae family.
Correct Answer:
A
— Escherichia coli
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Q. Which of the following is a common pathological finding in chronic inflammation?
-
A.
Neutrophilic infiltration
-
B.
Granuloma formation
-
C.
Fibrinous exudate
-
D.
Necrosis
Solution
Granuloma formation is a characteristic feature of chronic inflammation, often seen in conditions like tuberculosis.
Correct Answer:
B
— Granuloma formation
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Q. Which of the following is a common physical agent that can cause thermal burns?
-
A.
Steam
-
B.
Chlorine gas
-
C.
Benzene
-
D.
Lead
Solution
Steam is a common physical agent that can cause thermal burns due to its high temperature.
Correct Answer:
A
— Steam
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Q. Which of the following is a common postmortem change observed in the liver?
-
A.
Cirrhosis
-
B.
Fatty change
-
C.
Postmortem hypostasis
-
D.
Hemorrhage
Solution
Postmortem hypostasis refers to the pooling of blood in the liver, which is a common observation after death.
Correct Answer:
C
— Postmortem hypostasis
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Q. Which of the following is a common probiotic strain found in fermented foods like sauerkraut?
-
A.
Lactobacillus
-
B.
Escherichia coli
-
C.
Staphylococcus
-
D.
Bacillus cereus
Solution
Lactobacillus is a common probiotic strain found in fermented foods like sauerkraut.
Correct Answer:
A
— Lactobacillus
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Q. Which of the following is a common receptor type that binds steroid hormones?
-
A.
Tyrosine kinase receptors
-
B.
G-protein coupled receptors
-
C.
Nuclear receptors
-
D.
Ion channel receptors
Solution
Nuclear receptors are a common type of receptor that binds steroid hormones and regulates gene expression.
Correct Answer:
C
— Nuclear receptors
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Q. Which of the following is a common risk factor for Burkholderia cepacia infection?
-
A.
Healthy immune system
-
B.
Cystic fibrosis
-
C.
Recent surgery
-
D.
Diabetes mellitus
Solution
Cystic fibrosis is a common risk factor for Burkholderia cepacia infection due to the compromised lung function.
Correct Answer:
B
— Cystic fibrosis
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Q. Which of the following is a common selectable marker used in plant gene transfer?
-
A.
Kanamycin resistance
-
B.
Ampicillin resistance
-
C.
Tetracycline resistance
-
D.
Streptomycin resistance
Solution
Kanamycin resistance is commonly used as a selectable marker in plant gene transfer to identify successfully transformed cells.
Correct Answer:
A
— Kanamycin resistance
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Q. Which of the following is a common side effect of aminoglycosides?
-
A.
Hepatotoxicity
-
B.
Nephrotoxicity
-
C.
Cardiotoxicity
-
D.
Ototoxicity
Solution
Aminoglycosides are known to cause ototoxicity, affecting hearing and balance.
Correct Answer:
D
— Ototoxicity
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Q. Which of the following is a common side effect of combining NSAIDs with anticoagulants?
-
A.
Increased risk of thrombosis
-
B.
Gastrointestinal bleeding
-
C.
Hypertension
-
D.
Renal failure
Solution
Combining NSAIDs with anticoagulants increases the risk of gastrointestinal bleeding due to the effects of both drug classes on the gastric mucosa.
Correct Answer:
B
— Gastrointestinal bleeding
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Q. Which of the following is a common side effect of isoniazid?
-
A.
Nausea
-
B.
Hearing loss
-
C.
Rash
-
D.
Peripheral neuropathy
Solution
Peripheral neuropathy is a common side effect of isoniazid, often due to pyridoxine (vitamin B6) deficiency.
Correct Answer:
D
— Peripheral neuropathy
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Q. Which of the following is a common side effect of macrolides?
-
A.
Diarrhea
-
B.
Rash
-
C.
Nephrotoxicity
-
D.
Hepatotoxicity
Solution
Diarrhea is a common side effect associated with macrolide antibiotics.
Correct Answer:
A
— Diarrhea
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Q. Which of the following is a common side effect of opioids?
-
A.
Diarrhea
-
B.
Constipation
-
C.
Insomnia
-
D.
Hypertension
Solution
A common side effect of opioids is constipation due to decreased gastrointestinal motility.
Correct Answer:
B
— Constipation
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Q. Which of the following is a common site for hernias in the abdomen?
-
A.
Inguinal canal
-
B.
Thoracic cavity
-
C.
Pelvic floor
-
D.
Diaphragm
Solution
The inguinal canal is a common site for inguinal hernias in the abdomen.
Correct Answer:
A
— Inguinal canal
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Q. Which of the following is a common soil-borne pathogen?
-
A.
Escherichia coli
-
B.
Streptococcus pneumoniae
-
C.
Clostridium tetani
-
D.
Rhizobium leguminosarum
Solution
Escherichia coli can be found in soil and is known to cause infections.
Correct Answer:
A
— Escherichia coli
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Q. Which of the following is a common source of citric acid?
-
A.
Lemons
-
B.
Vinegar
-
C.
Honey
-
D.
Salt
Solution
Lemons are a well-known source of citric acid, which is abundant in citrus fruits.
Correct Answer:
A
— Lemons
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Q. Which of the following is a common source of E. coli O157:H7?
-
A.
Contaminated water
-
B.
Undercooked beef
-
C.
Raw vegetables
-
D.
All of the above
Solution
E. coli O157:H7 can be found in contaminated water, undercooked beef, and raw vegetables.
Correct Answer:
D
— All of the above
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Q. Which of the following is a common source of explants for plant cell culture?
-
A.
Roots
-
B.
Leaves
-
C.
Seeds
-
D.
All of the above
Solution
All of the above (roots, leaves, and seeds) can serve as common sources of explants for plant cell culture.
Correct Answer:
D
— All of the above
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Q. Which of the following is a common stain used for visualizing DNA in gel electrophoresis?
-
A.
Coomassie Brilliant Blue
-
B.
Ethidium Bromide
-
C.
Silver Nitrate
-
D.
Bromophenol Blue
Solution
Ethidium Bromide is a common stain used for visualizing DNA in gel electrophoresis as it intercalates with DNA.
Correct Answer:
B
— Ethidium Bromide
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Q. Which of the following is a common substrate used in fermentation?
-
A.
Glucose
-
B.
Oxygen
-
C.
Nitrogen
-
D.
Carbon dioxide
Solution
Glucose is a common substrate used in fermentation processes as it serves as a primary energy source for microorganisms.
Correct Answer:
A
— Glucose
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Q. Which of the following is a common symptom of a bacterial infection?
-
A.
Fever
-
B.
Rash
-
C.
Nausea
-
D.
All of the above
Solution
Fever, rash, and nausea can all be symptoms of a bacterial infection, depending on the specific pathogen.
Correct Answer:
D
— All of the above
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Q. Which of the following is a common symptom of appendicitis?
-
A.
Severe headache
-
B.
Right lower quadrant pain
-
C.
Chest pain
-
D.
Back pain
Solution
Severe pain in the right lower quadrant is a common symptom of appendicitis.
Correct Answer:
B
— Right lower quadrant pain
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Q. Which of the following is a common symptom of brucellosis?
-
A.
High fever
-
B.
Rash
-
C.
Cough
-
D.
Nausea
Solution
High fever is a common symptom of brucellosis, often accompanied by other flu-like symptoms.
Correct Answer:
A
— High fever
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Q. Which of the following is a common symptom of foodborne illness?
-
A.
Headache
-
B.
Nausea and vomiting
-
C.
Skin rash
-
D.
Fatigue
Solution
Nausea and vomiting are common symptoms of foodborne illness caused by various pathogens.
Correct Answer:
B
— Nausea and vomiting
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Q. Which of the following is a common symptom of Vibrio infection?
-
A.
Fever
-
B.
Diarrhea
-
C.
Rash
-
D.
Joint pain
Solution
Diarrhea is a common symptom associated with Vibrio infections, particularly cholera.
Correct Answer:
B
— Diarrhea
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Q. Which of the following is a common treatment for fungal infections?
-
A.
Antibiotics
-
B.
Antifungals
-
C.
Antivirals
-
D.
Corticosteroids
Solution
Antifungals are the primary treatment for fungal infections.
Correct Answer:
B
— Antifungals
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Q. Which of the following is a common type of cloning vector?
-
A.
Plasmids
-
B.
Ribosomes
-
C.
Chromosomes
-
D.
Nucleotides
Solution
Plasmids are one of the most common types of cloning vectors used in molecular biology.
Correct Answer:
A
— Plasmids
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Q. Which of the following is a common type of medium used for animal cell culture?
-
A.
Nutrient agar
-
B.
Luria-Bertani broth
-
C.
Dulbecco's Modified Eagle Medium (DMEM)
-
D.
Potato dextrose agar
Solution
Dulbecco's Modified Eagle Medium (DMEM) is a widely used culture medium for animal cells, providing essential nutrients.
Correct Answer:
C
— Dulbecco's Modified Eagle Medium (DMEM)
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