Q. What is the main limitation of using accuracy as a metric?
A.
It does not account for class imbalance
B.
It is difficult to calculate
C.
It only applies to binary classification
D.
It requires a large dataset
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Solution
Accuracy can be misleading in imbalanced datasets, as it may give a false sense of model performance by not reflecting the true predictive power for minority classes.
Correct Answer:
A
— It does not account for class imbalance
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Q. What is the main limitation of using accuracy as a performance metric?
A.
It does not consider false positives and false negatives
B.
It is not applicable to regression problems
C.
It is too complex to calculate
D.
It requires a large dataset
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Solution
The main limitation of accuracy is that it does not consider false positives and false negatives, which can be misleading in imbalanced datasets.
Correct Answer:
A
— It does not consider false positives and false negatives
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Q. What is the main limitation of using accuracy as an evaluation metric?
A.
It does not account for false positives and false negatives
B.
It is only applicable to regression problems
C.
It requires a large dataset to be effective
D.
It is difficult to calculate
Show solution
Solution
Accuracy can be misleading in cases of class imbalance, as it does not differentiate between types of errors.
Correct Answer:
A
— It does not account for false positives and false negatives
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Q. What is the main property of an AVL tree?
A.
It is a binary search tree with a balance factor of -1, 0, or 1.
B.
It allows duplicate values.
C.
It is a complete binary tree.
D.
It is a binary tree with no children.
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Solution
An AVL tree is a self-balancing binary search tree where the difference in heights between the left and right subtrees cannot be more than one.
Correct Answer:
A
— It is a binary search tree with a balance factor of -1, 0, or 1.
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Q. What is the main property that distinguishes an AVL tree from a Red-Black tree?
A.
AVL trees are always balanced, Red-Black trees are not
B.
Red-Black trees allow for more unbalanced structures than AVL trees
C.
AVL trees can have a maximum height difference of 2, Red-Black trees can have a maximum height difference of 1
D.
Both trees are identical in balancing properties
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Solution
Red-Black trees allow for more unbalanced structures than AVL trees, which maintain a stricter balance.
Correct Answer:
B
— Red-Black trees allow for more unbalanced structures than AVL trees
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Q. What is the main property that distinguishes an AVL tree from a regular binary search tree?
A.
It is always balanced with a height difference of at most 1
B.
It allows duplicate values
C.
It can have any height difference
D.
It is implemented using linked lists
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Solution
An AVL tree maintains a balance factor of -1, 0, or 1 for every node, ensuring that the tree remains balanced.
Correct Answer:
A
— It is always balanced with a height difference of at most 1
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Q. What is the main purpose of a database management system (DBMS)?
A.
To manage hardware
B.
To store and retrieve data
C.
To design websites
D.
To create applications
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Solution
The main purpose of a database management system (DBMS) is to store and retrieve data.
Correct Answer:
B
— To store and retrieve data
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Q. What is the main purpose of a router in a network?
A.
To connect multiple devices within the same network
B.
To manage IP address assignments
C.
To route data between different networks
D.
To provide wireless connectivity
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Solution
A router's main purpose is to route data between different networks, making decisions based on IP addresses.
Correct Answer:
C
— To route data between different networks
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Q. What is the main purpose of a VLAN in a switched network?
A.
To increase the speed of the network
B.
To segment a network into different broadcast domains
C.
To provide redundancy
D.
To enhance security by isolating traffic
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Solution
A VLAN (Virtual Local Area Network) segments a network into different broadcast domains, enhancing security and reducing congestion.
Correct Answer:
B
— To segment a network into different broadcast domains
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Q. What is the main purpose of an algorithm in computer science?
A.
To store data
B.
To perform calculations
C.
To solve problems
D.
To design hardware
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Solution
The main purpose of an algorithm is to solve problems.
Correct Answer:
C
— To solve problems
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Q. What is the main purpose of an API?
A.
To provide a user interface
B.
To allow different software applications to communicate
C.
To store data
D.
To manage hardware
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Solution
The main purpose of an API is to allow different software applications to communicate.
Correct Answer:
B
— To allow different software applications to communicate
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Q. What is the main purpose of balancing in AVL and Red-Black trees?
A.
To reduce memory usage
B.
To ensure O(log n) time complexity for operations
C.
To allow duplicate values
D.
To simplify the implementation
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Solution
The main purpose of balancing in these trees is to ensure that operations can be performed in O(log n) time.
Correct Answer:
B
— To ensure O(log n) time complexity for operations
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Q. What is the main purpose of feature importance in Random Forests?
A.
To reduce the number of trees in the forest.
B.
To identify which features contribute most to the predictions.
C.
To increase the depth of the trees.
D.
To ensure all features are used equally.
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Solution
Feature importance helps identify which features contribute most to the predictions made by the Random Forest model.
Correct Answer:
B
— To identify which features contribute most to the predictions.
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Q. What is the main purpose of pruning a Decision Tree?
A.
To increase the depth of the tree
B.
To reduce the size of the tree and prevent overfitting
C.
To improve the training speed
D.
To enhance feature selection
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Solution
Pruning reduces the size of the tree, which helps to prevent overfitting and improves generalization to unseen data.
Correct Answer:
B
— To reduce the size of the tree and prevent overfitting
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Q. What is the main purpose of pruning in Decision Trees?
A.
To increase the depth of the tree
B.
To reduce the size of the tree and prevent overfitting
C.
To improve the interpretability of the tree
D.
To enhance the training speed
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Solution
Pruning is used to reduce the size of the tree and prevent overfitting, leading to better generalization on unseen data.
Correct Answer:
B
— To reduce the size of the tree and prevent overfitting
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Q. What is the main purpose of the ARP protocol?
A.
To resolve IP addresses to MAC addresses
B.
To manage network traffic
C.
To establish a secure connection
D.
To route packets between networks
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Solution
The ARP (Address Resolution Protocol) is used to resolve IP addresses to MAC addresses in a local network.
Correct Answer:
A
— To resolve IP addresses to MAC addresses
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Q. What is the main purpose of the forget gate in an LSTM?
A.
To decide what information to keep from the previous cell state.
B.
To initialize the cell state.
C.
To output the final prediction.
D.
To control the input to the cell state.
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Solution
The forget gate in an LSTM determines what information from the previous cell state should be discarded.
Correct Answer:
A
— To decide what information to keep from the previous cell state.
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Q. What is the main purpose of the HTTP protocol?
A.
To send emails
B.
To transfer web pages
C.
To manage network devices
D.
To establish VPN connections
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Solution
The main purpose of the HTTP protocol is to transfer web pages and resources over the internet.
Correct Answer:
B
— To transfer web pages
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Q. What is the main purpose of the Network layer in the OSI model?
A.
Data formatting
B.
Path determination and logical addressing
C.
Session management
D.
Data encryption
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Solution
The main purpose of the Network layer is path determination and logical addressing to route packets across networks.
Correct Answer:
B
— Path determination and logical addressing
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Q. What is the main purpose of the partitioning step in Quick Sort?
A.
To merge two sorted arrays
B.
To find the median
C.
To rearrange elements around a pivot
D.
To build a heap
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Solution
The partitioning step in Quick Sort rearranges elements around a pivot to ensure that elements less than the pivot are on one side and those greater are on the other.
Correct Answer:
C
— To rearrange elements around a pivot
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Q. What is the main purpose of the softmax function in a CNN?
A.
To normalize the output to a probability distribution
B.
To reduce dimensionality
C.
To apply a non-linear transformation
D.
To perform convolution
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Solution
The softmax function normalizes the output of the final layer to a probability distribution over multiple classes in classification tasks.
Correct Answer:
A
— To normalize the output to a probability distribution
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Q. What is the main purpose of using clustering methods in data analysis?
A.
To predict outcomes based on input features
B.
To group similar data points for better understanding
C.
To reduce the number of features in a dataset
D.
To classify data into specific categories
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Solution
The main purpose of clustering methods is to group similar data points, helping to uncover patterns and insights in the data.
Correct Answer:
B
— To group similar data points for better understanding
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Q. What is the main purpose of using cross-validation in model evaluation?
A.
To increase training time
B.
To reduce overfitting
C.
To improve model complexity
D.
To enhance data size
Show solution
Solution
Cross-validation is used to reduce overfitting by ensuring that the model performs well on unseen data.
Correct Answer:
B
— To reduce overfitting
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Q. What is the main purpose of using cross-validation when training a Decision Tree?
A.
To increase the size of the training set
B.
To tune hyperparameters
C.
To assess the model's generalization ability
D.
To visualize the tree structure
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Solution
Cross-validation helps in assessing how the model will generalize to an independent dataset, thus providing a better estimate of its performance.
Correct Answer:
C
— To assess the model's generalization ability
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Q. What is the main purpose of using distance metrics in clustering algorithms?
A.
To determine the number of clusters
B.
To measure the similarity or dissimilarity between data points
C.
To visualize the clusters formed
D.
To optimize the performance of the algorithm
Show solution
Solution
Distance metrics are used in clustering algorithms to measure the similarity or dissimilarity between data points, which is crucial for forming clusters.
Correct Answer:
B
— To measure the similarity or dissimilarity between data points
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Q. What is the main purpose of using embeddings in NLP?
A.
To reduce the dimensionality of text data
B.
To convert text into a format suitable for machine learning
C.
To capture semantic meaning of words
D.
To improve the speed of tokenization
Show solution
Solution
Embeddings are used to capture the semantic meaning of words in a continuous vector space.
Correct Answer:
C
— To capture semantic meaning of words
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Q. What is the main purpose of using the silhouette coefficient in clustering?
A.
To measure the distance between clusters
B.
To evaluate the compactness and separation of clusters
C.
To determine the number of clusters
D.
To visualize the clusters
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Solution
The silhouette coefficient evaluates the compactness and separation of clusters, helping to assess the quality of clustering results.
Correct Answer:
B
— To evaluate the compactness and separation of clusters
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Q. What is the main requirement for using binary search?
A.
The array must be unsorted
B.
The array must be sorted
C.
The array must contain unique elements
D.
The array must be of fixed size
Show solution
Solution
Binary search can only be applied to a sorted array.
Correct Answer:
B
— The array must be sorted
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Q. What is the maximum depth of a binary tree with 'n' nodes?
A.
n
B.
log n
C.
n/2
D.
n - 1
Show solution
Solution
The maximum depth of a binary tree can be 'n' in the case of a skewed tree.
Correct Answer:
A
— n
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Q. What is the maximum depth of a Decision Tree?
A.
It is always fixed.
B.
It can be controlled by hyperparameters.
C.
It is determined by the number of features.
D.
It is irrelevant to the model's performance.
Show solution
Solution
The maximum depth of a Decision Tree can be controlled by hyperparameters, which helps manage overfitting.
Correct Answer:
B
— It can be controlled by hyperparameters.
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