x < 5, so the maximum positive integer value of x is 4.

Since x^2 < 16, x must be less than 4, as x is positive.

If X is constrained by Y, it means that Y limits or restricts X.

X turns right to face west and then turns left to face south.

Y is the shortest as X is taller than Y and Y is shorter than Z.

X is the father of Y, and Y is the mother of Z, making X the grandfather of Z.

Z is the child of Y, who is the child of X, making Z the grandson of X.

Z is the daughter of X as Y (Z's mother) is married to X.

X is the sister of Y, and since Y is the brother of Z, X is also the sister of Z.

Z is the father of Y, making Z the grandfather of X.

x + y ≡ 2 + 1 ≡ 3 (mod 3), which is equivalent to 0, but since we are looking for the value, it is 0 mod 3.

Using the method of successive substitutions or the Chinese Remainder Theorem, the smallest solution is x = 26.

x can be expressed as 4 + 5k, where k is an integer. 19 is not congruent to 4 modulo 5.

10 mod 6 = 4, so x could be 10.

Using the method of successive substitutions or the Chinese Remainder Theorem, we find that the smallest positive integer solution is x = 25.

x + y ≡ 4 + 3 ≡ 7 (mod 7), which is equivalent to 0.

11 mod 7 = 4, so x could be 11.

If x ≤ 4, then 2x ≤ 8 is always true.

This is a perfect square: (x + 1)^2 = 0 => x = -1.

Factoring gives (x - 2)(x - 3) = 0, so x = 2 or x = 3.

This is a perfect square: (x - 3)^2 = 0, so x = 3.

x^3 = 8 => x = 2

Taking the cube root of both sides, x = 8^(1/3) = 2.

Taking the fourth root, x = 81^(1/4) = 3.

From y + 3 > 0, we get y > -3. Since y < 2, the only true statement is y > -3.

cos^(-1)(1/2) = π/3, since cos(π/3) = 1/2.

The derivative of cos^(-1)(x) is dy/dx = -1/√(1-x^2).

The derivative of y = cos^(-1)(x) is dy/dx = -1/√(1-x^2).

The derivative of cos^(-1)(x) is dy/dx = -1/√(1-x^2).

The derivative of y = sin^(-1)(x) is dy/dx = 1/√(1-x^2).