There are three types of primary meristematic tissues: protoderm, ground meristem, and procambium.

There are two main types of sclerenchyma cells: fibers and sclereids.

There are two main types of xylem cells: tracheids and vessel elements.

There are 5 main classes of vertebrates: mammals, birds, reptiles, amphibians, and fish.

During normal breathing, approximately 500 mL of air is exhaled in a single breath.

The average adult human heart pumps about 4 to 6 liters of blood per minute at rest.

Typically, about 4% of exhaled air is carbon dioxide.

The human large intestine absorbs about 1.5 liters of water daily.

If the contact time is 10 minutes, it can be used 6 times in an hour.

In 3 hours (180 minutes), there are 6 doubling periods (180/30). Starting from 1 bacterium, after 6 doublings, there will be 2^6 = 64 bacteria.

The ID50 is the dose required to infect 50% of the population. Therefore, 500 organisms are needed to infect 50% of the population.

A reduction of 99.9% means that 0.1% of the original load remains. 0.1% of 1,000,000 CFU/mL is 1,000 CFU/mL.

Cardiac output is calculated as heart rate multiplied by stroke volume: 75 beats/min * 70 mL/beat = 5250 mL/min or 5.25 L/min.

In 7 days, the plant will produce 5 flowers/day * 7 days = 35 flowers, and 35 flowers * 10 seeds/flower = 350 seeds.

In 10 years, the plant will complete 5 generations (10/2), producing 5 * 100 = 500 seeds.

In 10 years, the plant will complete 5 generations (10 years / 2 years per generation).

Gametes are haploid, so they will have half the number of chromosomes, which is 12.

The total number of seeds produced would be 150 fruits * 5 seeds per fruit = 750 seeds.

In 10 years, a plant with a generation time of 2 years can produce 5 generations.

With an 80% success rate, 0.80 * 50 flowers = 40 flowers are expected to be successfully pollinated.

The distance would be 50m * 2^5 = 1600m after 5 generations.

With a germination rate of 75%, from 200 seeds, 0.75 * 200 = 150 seeds will germinate.

The fraction of offspring that are homozygous recessive (aabb) from the cross AaBb x AaBb is 1/16.

The dilution factor is 1:10, as the concentration is reduced by a factor of 10.

At 134°C, the sterilization time can be reduced to approximately 20 minutes due to the increased temperature.

For a single gene with two alleles, the maximum number of different genotypes possible is 3: homozygous dominant, heterozygous, and homozygous recessive.

With a 90% success rate, 10% will remain unprotected. 10% of 500 is 50 individuals.

Septic shock is primarily driven by the innate immune response, which leads to systemic inflammation and shock.

Implementing strict sterilization protocols is essential to prevent outbreaks associated with reusable medical instruments.

Ethylene oxide gas is effective for sterilizing heat-sensitive instruments and can eliminate Staphylococcus aureus.