Q. Which of the following indicates an underdamped system in a second-order transfer function?
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A.
Damping ratio less than 0.
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B.
Damping ratio equal to 0.
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C.
Damping ratio between 0 and 1.
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D.
Damping ratio greater than 1.
Solution
An underdamped system has a damping ratio between 0 and 1, resulting in oscillatory behavior.
Correct Answer:
C
— Damping ratio between 0 and 1.
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Q. Which of the following indicates that a system is stable?
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A.
All poles of the transfer function are in the right half of the s-plane.
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B.
All poles of the transfer function are in the left half of the s-plane.
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C.
Poles are on the imaginary axis.
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D.
Poles are complex with positive real parts.
Solution
A system is stable if all poles of its transfer function are located in the left half of the s-plane.
Correct Answer:
B
— All poles of the transfer function are in the left half of the s-plane.
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Q. Which of the following is a characteristic of a closed-loop control system?
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A.
It does not require a reference input.
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B.
It uses feedback to compare the output with the desired input.
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C.
It is always faster than an open-loop system.
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D.
It cannot handle disturbances.
Solution
A closed-loop control system uses feedback to compare the actual output with the desired input, allowing for adjustments.
Correct Answer:
B
— It uses feedback to compare the output with the desired input.
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Q. Which of the following is a characteristic of a second-order underdamped system?
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A.
No oscillations
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B.
Oscillations with decreasing amplitude
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C.
Oscillations with constant amplitude
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D.
Instantaneous response
Solution
A second-order underdamped system exhibits oscillations that gradually decrease in amplitude over time.
Correct Answer:
B
— Oscillations with decreasing amplitude
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Q. Which of the following is a characteristic of a stable system?
-
A.
All poles are in the right half of the s-plane.
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B.
All poles are in the left half of the s-plane.
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C.
Poles are on the imaginary axis.
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D.
Poles can be anywhere in the s-plane.
Solution
A stable system has all its poles located in the left half of the s-plane, ensuring that the system response decays over time.
Correct Answer:
B
— All poles are in the left half of the s-plane.
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Q. Which of the following is a characteristic of an open-loop control system?
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A.
It requires feedback.
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B.
It is less complex than closed-loop systems.
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C.
It is always stable.
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D.
It can automatically correct errors.
Solution
Open-loop systems do not use feedback, making them generally less complex than closed-loop systems.
Correct Answer:
B
— It is less complex than closed-loop systems.
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Q. Which of the following is a common application of open-loop control systems?
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A.
Temperature control in a furnace.
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B.
Cruise control in vehicles.
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C.
Washing machines on a fixed cycle.
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D.
Robotic arms with sensors.
Solution
Washing machines often operate on a fixed cycle without feedback, making them a typical example of an open-loop control system.
Correct Answer:
C
— Washing machines on a fixed cycle.
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Q. Which of the following is a disadvantage of open-loop systems?
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A.
They are simple to design.
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B.
They can be less expensive.
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C.
They cannot correct for disturbances.
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D.
They are always stable.
Solution
Open-loop systems cannot correct for disturbances, making them less robust compared to closed-loop systems.
Correct Answer:
C
— They cannot correct for disturbances.
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Q. Which of the following is a key advantage of open-loop systems?
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A.
Higher accuracy due to feedback.
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B.
Simplicity and ease of design.
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C.
Better stability in all conditions.
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D.
Ability to adapt to changing conditions.
Solution
Open-loop systems are simpler and easier to design since they do not require feedback mechanisms.
Correct Answer:
B
— Simplicity and ease of design.
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Q. Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of a closed-loop control system?
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A.
Feedback
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B.
Reference input
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C.
Open-loop control
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D.
Control action
Solution
Open-loop control is not a characteristic of closed-loop systems, which rely on feedback to adjust control actions.
Correct Answer:
C
— Open-loop control
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Q. Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of a first-order system?
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A.
It has one energy storage element.
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B.
It has a single pole.
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C.
It exhibits exponential response.
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D.
It can oscillate indefinitely.
Solution
First-order systems do not oscillate indefinitely; they have a single pole and exhibit an exponential response without oscillations.
Correct Answer:
D
— It can oscillate indefinitely.
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Q. Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of closed-loop systems?
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A.
They can automatically correct errors.
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B.
They require a reference input.
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C.
They are always faster than open-loop systems.
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D.
They can be more complex than open-loop systems.
Solution
Closed-loop systems are not necessarily faster than open-loop systems; their speed depends on the design and parameters of the system.
Correct Answer:
C
— They are always faster than open-loop systems.
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Q. Which of the following is true about a second-order system with a damping ratio less than 1?
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A.
It is critically damped.
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B.
It is underdamped and exhibits oscillatory behavior.
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C.
It is overdamped and returns to equilibrium slowly.
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D.
It is stable and does not oscillate.
Solution
A second-order system with a damping ratio less than 1 is underdamped, leading to oscillations in its response.
Correct Answer:
B
— It is underdamped and exhibits oscillatory behavior.
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Q. Which of the following represents a closed-loop system?
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A.
Open-loop control
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B.
Feedback control
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C.
Feedforward control
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D.
Open-loop feedback
Solution
A closed-loop system uses feedback to compare the actual output with the desired output.
Correct Answer:
B
— Feedback control
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Q. Which of the following represents a transfer function?
-
A.
G(s) = Y(s)/U(s)
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B.
G(s) = U(s)/Y(s)
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C.
G(s) = Y(s) + U(s)
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D.
G(s) = U(s) - Y(s)
Solution
The transfer function is defined as the ratio of the Laplace transform of the output to the Laplace transform of the input, G(s) = Y(s)/U(s).
Correct Answer:
A
— G(s) = Y(s)/U(s)
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Q. Which type of system is typically more robust to disturbances?
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A.
Open-loop systems
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B.
Closed-loop systems
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C.
Both are equally robust
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D.
Neither is robust
Solution
Closed-loop systems are generally more robust to disturbances because they use feedback to adjust and maintain the desired output.
Correct Answer:
B
— Closed-loop systems
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