The boiling point elevation is calculated using the formula ΔT_b = i * K_b * m, where i is the van 't Hoff factor, K_b is the ebullioscopic constant, and m is the molality.

Carboxylic acids contain a carboxyl (-COOH) functional group.

Esters contain the ester functional group, characterized by the structure RCOOR', where R and R' are hydrocarbon chains.

Aldehydes contain the -CHO functional group, which is characteristic of this class of compounds.

The functional group present in alkenes is the alkene group, characterized by a carbon-carbon double bond.

Molecules with sp hybridization have a linear geometry due to the arrangement of two hybrid orbitals at 180 degrees.

The geometry of [Cu(NH3)4]2+ is square planar due to the presence of a d9 configuration in copper.

In 1-butyne, the carbon atoms involved in the triple bond are sp hybridized.

The boron atom in BF3 is sp2 hybridized, forming three sigma bonds with fluorine atoms in a trigonal planar arrangement.

In [Ni(CO)4], nickel undergoes sp3 hybridization to accommodate four CO ligands.

The compound has a hydroxyl group on the second carbon and a carboxylic acid group, making it 2-hydroxybutanoic acid.

The compound has a hydroxyl group on the second carbon of a four-carbon chain with a carboxylic acid, making it 2-Hydroxybutanoic acid.

The longest chain has four carbons with a carboxylic acid group, making it 2-Methylbutanoic acid.

The longest carbon chain has four carbons, and the bromine is on the first carbon when numbering from the end closest to the substituent.

The longest carbon chain has five carbons, and the methyl group is on the third carbon, making the IUPAC name 3-methylpentane.

The longest carbon chain containing the triple bond has 7 carbons, and the triple bond starts at carbon 3, making it 3-heptyne.

The longest carbon chain has four carbons, and the hydroxyl group is on the second carbon, making it 2-Butanol.

The compound has four carbon atoms and an amine functional group, making it butanamine.

The compound has four carbon atoms and a hydroxyl group, making it butanol.

The longest carbon chain containing the double bond has 5 carbons, and the double bond starts at the first carbon, making it 1-pentene.

The compound is butanal, as it has four carbon atoms and an aldehyde functional group.

The compound has three carbon atoms and a carboxylic acid functional group, making it propanoic acid.

The correct IUPAC name for CH3-CH2-O-CH2-CH3 is ethoxyethane.

The compound is named 2-pentene because the double bond is located between the second and third carbon atoms.

The compound CH3OCH2CH3 is commonly known as ethyl methyl ether, indicating the two different alkyl groups attached to the ether oxygen.

The IUPAC name for CH₃-CH₂-CH(CH₃)-CH₂OH is 2-Pentanol, as the longest chain has five carbons and the hydroxyl group is on the second carbon.

The compound C2H4Cl2 has two chlorine atoms on the second carbon of the ethane chain, making its IUPAC name 1,2-dichloroethane.

C3H4 is an alkyne, specifically propyne, as it contains a triple bond.

C4H10 is an alkane and is named butane, as it contains only single bonds.

The correct IUPAC name is 2-methylbut-1-ene, as the double bond is between the first and second carbon.