Q. What is the purpose of adding vitamins to plant tissue culture media?
A.
To enhance color
B.
To provide energy
C.
To support metabolic functions
D.
To increase growth rate
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Solution
Vitamins are added to support various metabolic functions in plant cells during culture.
Correct Answer:
C
— To support metabolic functions
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Q. What is the purpose of multiple cloning sites (MCS) in a cloning vector?
A.
To allow for the insertion of multiple genes
B.
To provide a site for replication
C.
To enhance stability
D.
To facilitate easy insertion of DNA fragments
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Solution
Multiple cloning sites (MCS) provide several unique restriction sites for the easy insertion of DNA fragments.
Correct Answer:
D
— To facilitate easy insertion of DNA fragments
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Q. What is the purpose of using a binary vector in plant transformation?
A.
To increase transformation efficiency
B.
To simplify cloning procedures
C.
To allow for multiple gene insertions
D.
To enhance plant growth
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Solution
Binary vectors allow for the insertion of multiple genes, facilitating complex traits to be introduced into plants.
Correct Answer:
C
— To allow for multiple gene insertions
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Q. What is the purpose of using a vector in recombinant DNA technology?
A.
To amplify the DNA
B.
To transport the DNA into a host cell
C.
To degrade unwanted DNA
D.
To visualize the DNA
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Solution
Vectors are used to transport the DNA into a host cell for replication and expression.
Correct Answer:
B
— To transport the DNA into a host cell
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Q. What is the purpose of using antibiotics in cell culture?
A.
To promote cell growth
B.
To prevent contamination
C.
To enhance cell differentiation
D.
To increase cell adhesion
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Solution
Antibiotics are used in cell culture to prevent bacterial contamination, ensuring the integrity of the cell culture.
Correct Answer:
B
— To prevent contamination
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Q. What is the purpose of using genetically modified organisms (GMOs) in agriculture?
A.
To increase crop yield
B.
To enhance nutritional value
C.
To resist pests and diseases
D.
All of the above
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Solution
GMOs are used in agriculture to increase crop yield, enhance nutritional value, and provide resistance to pests and diseases.
Correct Answer:
D
— All of the above
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Q. What is the purpose of using marker genes in transgenic plant development?
A.
To enhance photosynthesis
B.
To identify successfully transformed cells
C.
To increase water retention
D.
To improve soil quality
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Solution
Marker genes are used to identify successfully transformed cells, allowing researchers to select plants that have incorporated the desired genetic material.
Correct Answer:
B
— To identify successfully transformed cells
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Q. What is the role of a promoter in a cloning vector?
A.
To initiate transcription
B.
To terminate transcription
C.
To replicate DNA
D.
To bind ribosomes
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Solution
A promoter in a cloning vector is essential for initiating the transcription of the inserted gene.
Correct Answer:
A
— To initiate transcription
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Q. What is the role of a selectable marker in a vector?
A.
To enhance cell adhesion
B.
To allow for the selection of successfully transfected cells
C.
To increase protein expression
D.
To provide energy to the cells
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Solution
Selectable markers are used to identify and select cells that have successfully incorporated the vector.
Correct Answer:
B
— To allow for the selection of successfully transfected cells
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Q. What is the role of auxins in plant cell culture?
A.
Promote root development
B.
Inhibit cell division
C.
Enhance photosynthesis
D.
Increase flowering
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Solution
Auxins are plant hormones that primarily promote root development in plant cell culture.
Correct Answer:
A
— Promote root development
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Q. What is the role of encapsulation in synthetic seeds?
A.
To enhance flavor
B.
To protect the embryo
C.
To improve color
D.
To increase weight
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Solution
Encapsulation in synthetic seeds serves to protect the embryo from environmental stress and damage.
Correct Answer:
B
— To protect the embryo
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Q. What is the role of legumes in nitrogen fixation?
A.
They absorb nitrogen from the soil
B.
They host nitrogen-fixing bacteria
C.
They produce more oxygen
D.
They enhance photosynthesis
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Solution
Legumes form symbiotic relationships with nitrogen-fixing bacteria, allowing them to utilize atmospheric nitrogen.
Correct Answer:
B
— They host nitrogen-fixing bacteria
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Q. What is the role of ligase in recombinant DNA technology?
A.
To cut DNA strands
B.
To join DNA fragments together
C.
To replicate DNA
D.
To transcribe RNA
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Solution
Ligase is used to join DNA fragments together after they have been cut by restriction enzymes.
Correct Answer:
B
— To join DNA fragments together
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Q. What is the role of monoclonal antibodies in COVID-19 treatment?
A.
Preventing infection
B.
Reducing viral load
C.
Enhancing vaccine efficacy
D.
Increasing antibody production
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Solution
Monoclonal antibodies can reduce viral load in patients with COVID-19.
Correct Answer:
B
— Reducing viral load
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Q. What is the role of pharmacokinetics in the synthesis of therapeutic agents?
A.
It determines the chemical structure
B.
It assesses drug absorption and distribution
C.
It is not relevant
D.
It focuses on drug pricing
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Solution
Pharmacokinetics assesses how the drug is absorbed, distributed, metabolized, and excreted.
Correct Answer:
B
— It assesses drug absorption and distribution
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Q. What is the role of serum in animal cell culture?
A.
To provide a source of vitamins and hormones
B.
To inhibit cell growth
C.
To act as a buffer
D.
To provide a solid surface for attachment
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Solution
Serum provides essential growth factors, hormones, and nutrients necessary for the growth and maintenance of animal cells in culture.
Correct Answer:
A
— To provide a source of vitamins and hormones
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Q. What is the role of telomeres in chromosomes?
A.
DNA replication
B.
Gene expression
C.
Protecting chromosome ends
D.
Protein synthesis
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Solution
Telomeres are repetitive nucleotide sequences at the ends of chromosomes that protect them from degradation and fusion.
Correct Answer:
C
— Protecting chromosome ends
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Q. What is the role of the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA)?
A.
To promote industrial growth
B.
To enforce environmental laws
C.
To regulate healthcare
D.
To manage public transportation
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Solution
The EPA is responsible for enforcing federal environmental laws and regulations.
Correct Answer:
B
— To enforce environmental laws
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Q. What is the role of the gene promoter in plant genetics?
A.
To encode proteins
B.
To regulate gene expression
C.
To facilitate DNA replication
D.
To repair DNA damage
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Solution
Promoters are sequences that regulate the expression of genes by providing a binding site for RNA polymerase.
Correct Answer:
B
— To regulate gene expression
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Q. What is the role of the promoter in transgenic animal technology?
A.
To enhance animal growth
B.
To control gene expression
C.
To provide nutrients
D.
To increase reproduction rates
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Solution
The promoter is a DNA sequence that controls the expression of a gene, determining when and where the gene is active.
Correct Answer:
B
— To control gene expression
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Q. What is the role of the transducer in a biosensor?
A.
To provide a biological response
B.
To convert a biological signal into a measurable signal
C.
To store data
D.
To amplify the signal
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Solution
The transducer in a biosensor converts the biological signal generated by the interaction of the analyte and the bioreceptor into a measurable signal.
Correct Answer:
B
— To convert a biological signal into a measurable signal
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Q. What is the role of the virulence genes in Agrobacterium?
A.
To promote plant growth
B.
To facilitate T-DNA transfer
C.
To enhance photosynthesis
D.
To provide disease resistance
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Solution
Virulence genes in Agrobacterium are responsible for facilitating the transfer of T-DNA into the plant cell.
Correct Answer:
B
— To facilitate T-DNA transfer
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Q. What is the role of transposable elements in plant genomes?
A.
To stabilize the genome
B.
To facilitate gene expression
C.
To promote genetic diversity
D.
To repair DNA
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Solution
Transposable elements can move within the genome, contributing to genetic diversity.
Correct Answer:
C
— To promote genetic diversity
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Q. What is the role of yeast in the ethanol production process?
A.
To produce carbon dioxide
B.
To convert sugars into ethanol
C.
To filter impurities
D.
To enhance flavor
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Solution
Yeast plays a crucial role in converting sugars into ethanol during the fermentation process.
Correct Answer:
B
— To convert sugars into ethanol
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Q. What is the significance of a promoter in a vector?
A.
It provides structural support to the vector
B.
It regulates the expression of the inserted gene
C.
It enhances cell division
D.
It prevents vector degradation
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Solution
A promoter is crucial as it regulates the expression of the inserted gene, determining when and how much of the gene product is made.
Correct Answer:
B
— It regulates the expression of the inserted gene
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Q. What is the significance of callus formation in plant cell culture?
A.
It indicates contamination
B.
It is a step towards organogenesis
C.
It prevents cell division
D.
It enhances photosynthetic activity
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Solution
Callus formation is significant as it is a step towards organogenesis, where the callus can differentiate into roots or shoots.
Correct Answer:
B
— It is a step towards organogenesis
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Q. What is the significance of chromosome mapping in animal biotechnology?
A.
Identifying genetic disorders
B.
Improving animal nutrition
C.
Enhancing growth rates
D.
Increasing disease resistance
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Solution
Chromosome mapping helps identify the location of genes associated with genetic disorders, aiding in breeding and treatment strategies.
Correct Answer:
A
— Identifying genetic disorders
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Q. What is the significance of passaging in cell culture?
A.
To increase the number of cells
B.
To decrease the cell density
C.
To change the medium
D.
To freeze the cells
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Solution
Passaging is the process of transferring cells to new culture vessels to increase the number of cells and prevent overcrowding.
Correct Answer:
A
— To increase the number of cells
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Q. What is the significance of pH in plant tissue culture media?
A.
Affects nutrient availability
B.
Influences color of the medium
C.
Determines the solidifying agent
D.
Regulates temperature
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Solution
The pH of plant tissue culture media affects nutrient availability and overall cell growth.
Correct Answer:
A
— Affects nutrient availability
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Q. What is the significance of structure-activity relationship (SAR) in drug synthesis?
A.
It helps in predicting drug interactions
B.
It aids in optimizing drug potency
C.
It determines the drug's market price
D.
It is irrelevant to drug design
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Solution
SAR helps in optimizing the potency and efficacy of therapeutic agents.
Correct Answer:
B
— It aids in optimizing drug potency
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