The Arrhenius equation states that the rate constant k is related to temperature T and activation energy Ea by k = Ae^(-Ea/RT), where A is the pre-exponential factor.

According to the Arrhenius equation, k increases with increasing temperature due to the exponential dependence on the negative activation energy divided by temperature.

In a first-order reaction, the rate is directly proportional to the concentration of the reactant.

The repeating unit in polystyrene is derived from the monomer styrene, which has the formula C8H8.

Back titration is used to analyze samples that are difficult to titrate directly, by adding an excess of titrant and then titrating the unreacted titrant.

A buffer helps maintain a constant pH during the titration, which is crucial for accurate endpoint determination.

A buffer solution helps maintain a constant pH during a titration, which is crucial for accurate measurements, especially in weak acid-strong base titrations.

A buffer solution maintains a constant pH during electrophoresis, which is crucial for the stability and separation of charged molecules.

A buffer solution helps maintain a constant pH during titration, which is crucial for accurate measurements.

A buffer solution maintains pH stability by resisting changes in pH upon the addition of small amounts of acid or base.

A catalyst lowers the activation energy, allowing the reaction to proceed faster without being consumed.

The catalyst in electrophilic aromatic substitution reactions, such as AlCl3 or FeBr3, is used to generate the electrophile that will react with the aromatic compound.

The cathode is the electrode where reduction occurs, gaining electrons from the external circuit.

Chelating agents stabilize metal ions in solution, which can help in the identification and quantification of metal ions during qualitative analysis.

A ligand is a molecule or ion that donates electron pairs to a metal ion to form a coordination complex.

A pH indicator changes color at a specific pH level, signaling the endpoint of the titration, which helps in identifying the presence of certain ions.

A pH indicator changes color at a specific pH range, signaling the endpoint of the titration.

Reagents are used to react with specific ions to produce observable changes, aiding in their identification.

The salt bridge maintains charge balance by allowing ions to flow between the two half-cells, preventing charge buildup.

The solvent serves as a medium for the sample, allowing light to pass through and interact with the analyte without interfering with the measurement.

The titrant reacts with the analyte to produce a measurable change, often indicated by a color change, which helps identify the analyte.

The titrant is the solution of known concentration that reacts with the analyte to determine its concentration.

The titrant is the solution of known concentration that reacts with the analyte to determine its concentration.

Citric acid acts as a pH regulator, helping to preserve food by creating an acidic environment that inhibits microbial growth.

Electrophoresis separates biological molecules, such as proteins and nucleic acids, based on their charge and size.

In fuel cells, hydrogen reacts with oxygen to produce electricity, water, and heat, making it a clean energy source.

Hydrogen can act as both an oxidizing agent and a reducing agent in various redox reactions.

In hydrogenation, hydrogen acts as a reducing agent, adding hydrogen to unsaturated organic compounds.

Indicators are used in titrations to provide a visual color change at the endpoint, helping to identify the completion of the reaction.

Phospholipids form the bilayer structure of cell membranes, providing structural integrity and acting as a barrier.