The formation of a rainbow is primarily due to the refraction of light as it enters and exits water droplets in the atmosphere, along with reflection inside the droplets.

Rayleigh scattering is responsible for the polarization of light, especially in the atmosphere, as shorter wavelengths scatter more than longer wavelengths.

Surface tension allows the needle to float on water, as it creates a 'skin' on the surface that can support the weight of the needle.

Capillary action allows liquids to rise in narrow spaces, such as a straw, due to adhesive and cohesive forces.

Surface tension causes small droplets to minimize their surface area, resulting in a spherical shape.

The blue color of the sky is due to Rayleigh scattering, which is a form of polarization.

Refraction occurs when a wave passes from one medium to another and changes speed, resulting in a change in direction.

Polyethylene terephthalate (PET) is commonly used in the production of plastic bottles.

Natural rubber is a polymer that is widely used in the production of rubber products.

Teflon is known for its high resistance to heat and chemicals.

Archimedes' principle states that a body submerged in a fluid experiences an upward buoyant force equal to the weight of the fluid displaced.

An isobaric process occurs at constant pressure and can involve a change in temperature due to heat transfer.

In an adiabatic process, there is no heat exchange with the surroundings, leading to a change in temperature.

Heating involves a change in temperature without a change in phase.

Convection is the process of heat transfer through the movement of fluids.

Brittleness is not a typical property of elastomers; they are known for their high elasticity and resilience.

The melting point of polymers is primarily affected by their molecular weight; higher molecular weight generally leads to higher melting points.

The azimuthal quantum number (l) can have a value of 0, which corresponds to an s orbital.

The magnetic quantum number (m_l) describes the orientation of an orbital in space.

The magnetic quantum number describes the orientation of an orbital in space.

The azimuthal quantum number (l) determines the shape of the orbital.

The principal quantum number n determines the energy level of an electron in an atom.

The magnetic quantum number (m_l) determines the orientation of an orbital in space.

The magnetic quantum number (m_l) determines the orientation of an orbital.

The azimuthal quantum number (l) determines the shape of the orbital.

The magnetic quantum number (m_l) describes the orientation of an orbital in space.

The principal quantum number (n) cannot be negative; it must be a positive integer.

The addition of water to an alkene is called hydration.

Alkenes readily undergo halogenation due to the presence of a double bond.

Alkynes can undergo hydrogenation, halogenation, and hydrohalogenation.