[Co(NH3)6]3+ is octahedral in geometry due to the six ligands surrounding the cobalt ion.

In [Cu(NH3)4]SO4, copper is in +2 oxidation state, NH3 is a monodentate ligand, making the statement 'All of the above' incorrect.

The Earth's magnetic field has a magnetic north and south pole and affects compass needles, causing them to align with the field.

For second period elements, σ2p is lower in energy than π2p.

The equilibrium constant (K) is dependent on temperature; it changes with temperature variations.

The equilibrium constant Kc is dependent on temperature; changing the temperature will change the value of Kc.

The first law of thermodynamics is a statement of conservation of energy, applicable to all thermodynamic systems.

The inductive effect decreases with distance from the electronegative atom or group.

The Langmuir adsorption isotherm assumes that adsorption occurs in a monolayer on a surface with a finite number of identical sites.

The mean free path decreases with increasing pressure because more molecules are present in a given volume, leading to more frequent collisions.

The mesomeric effect is responsible for the stability of resonance structures due to the delocalization of pi electrons.

O2 has 2 unpaired electrons in its molecular orbital configuration, making it paramagnetic.

Molecular orbital theory explains the magnetic properties of molecules, such as paramagnetism in O2.

The moment of inertia depends on the mass distribution relative to the axis of rotation.

The photoelectric effect requires a minimum threshold frequency; below this frequency, no electrons are emitted regardless of the intensity of the light.

The rate of a reaction generally increases with increasing temperature.

The rate of reaction decreases with time for a reactant and increases with time for a product.

The second law of thermodynamics introduces the concept of entropy, stating that the total entropy of an isolated system can never decrease over time.

A potentiometer is not affected by the internal resistance of the source because it measures voltage by balancing it against a known voltage.

The Van der Waals equation accounts for the volume of gas particles and intermolecular forces.

The Wheatstone bridge is primarily used to measure unknown resistances by balancing it against known resistances.

Total internal reflection occurs when light travels from a denser medium to a rarer medium.

Gases can be compressed the most due to the large spaces between particles.

Solids have a definite shape and volume due to closely packed particles.

Solids generally have the highest density due to closely packed particles.

Solids have the least amount of energy compared to liquids, gases, and plasma.

Solids have the least amount of kinetic energy as their particles are closely packed and vibrate in fixed positions.

A dull black surface is the best emitter of radiation according to Kirchhoff's law of thermal radiation.

A black surface is the best emitter of thermal radiation due to its high emissivity.

Both nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and X-ray crystallography are commonly used techniques to determine the three-dimensional structure of proteins.