Biology is the science of life — from the tiniest cell to the most complex human systems. This category is designed to support school students (Classes 6–12) as well as undergraduate (UG) learners with clear explanations, exam-focused content, and concept-building resources. You’ll find:
Concept-wise explanations aligned with NCERT and common UG syllabi
Important questions & answers for school exams, NEET foundation, and college tests
Human physiology, genetics, ecology, biotechnology, and cell biology explained simply
Practice questions, MCQs, and revision notes to strengthen understanding
Doubt-solving and conceptual clarity for competitive and academic success
Whether you’re preparing for school exams , building a strong base for NEET , or studying Biology at the undergraduate level , this section helps you learn smarter, revise faster, and understand Biology deeply — not just memorize it.
Learn life sciences the right way — clear concepts, exam relevance, and real understanding.
Q. Which chamber of the heart receives oxygenated blood from the lungs?
A.
Right atrium
B.
Left atrium
C.
Right ventricle
D.
Left ventricle
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Solution
The left atrium receives oxygenated blood from the lungs via the pulmonary veins.
Correct Answer:
B
— Left atrium
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Q. Which chemical agent is commonly used for high-level disinfection?
A.
Ethanol
B.
Chlorine
C.
Glutaraldehyde
D.
Hydrogen peroxide
Show solution
Solution
Glutaraldehyde is widely used for high-level disinfection of medical equipment.
Correct Answer:
C
— Glutaraldehyde
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Q. Which circulatory system is found in mammals?
A.
Open circulatory system
B.
Closed circulatory system
C.
Lymphatic system
D.
Pulmonary system
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Solution
Mammals have a closed circulatory system, where blood is contained within vessels.
Correct Answer:
B
— Closed circulatory system
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Q. Which classification level comes directly after 'Family' in the taxonomic hierarchy?
A.
Order
B.
Genus
C.
Species
D.
Class
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Solution
The taxonomic hierarchy follows the order: Domain, Kingdom, Phylum, Class, Order, Family, Genus, Species.
Correct Answer:
B
— Genus
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Q. Which classification level comes directly after 'Kingdom' in the hierarchy of biological classification?
A.
Phylum
B.
Class
C.
Order
D.
Family
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Solution
The classification level that comes directly after 'Kingdom' is 'Phylum'.
Correct Answer:
A
— Phylum
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Q. Which classification level comes directly after 'Kingdom' in the taxonomic hierarchy?
A.
Phylum
B.
Class
C.
Order
D.
Family
Show solution
Solution
In the taxonomic hierarchy, 'Phylum' is the classification level that comes directly after 'Kingdom'.
Correct Answer:
A
— Phylum
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Q. Which classification level is directly above the genus in the plant taxonomy hierarchy?
A.
Species
B.
Family
C.
Order
D.
Class
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Solution
The family is the taxonomic rank directly above the genus in the classification hierarchy.
Correct Answer:
B
— Family
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Q. Which classification level is directly below 'Family'?
A.
Order
B.
Genus
C.
Species
D.
Class
Show solution
Solution
The classification level directly below 'Family' is 'Genus'.
Correct Answer:
B
— Genus
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Q. Which classification system is commonly used for categorizing plants?
A.
Linnaean system
B.
Dichotomous key
C.
Phylogenetic tree
D.
Cladistics
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Solution
The Linnaean system is the most widely used classification system for categorizing plants based on hierarchical ranks.
Correct Answer:
A
— Linnaean system
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Q. Which classification system is most widely used for plants?
A.
Linnaean system
B.
Phylogenetic system
C.
Cladistic system
D.
Phenetic system
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Solution
The Linnaean system is the most widely used classification system for plants, organizing them into hierarchical categories based on shared characteristics.
Correct Answer:
A
— Linnaean system
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Q. Which classification system is most widely used in modern botany?
A.
Linnaean system
B.
Phylogenetic system
C.
Cladistic system
D.
Phenetic system
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Solution
The phylogenetic system is widely used in modern botany as it reflects evolutionary relationships.
Correct Answer:
B
— Phylogenetic system
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Q. Which component of blood is primarily responsible for clotting?
A.
Red blood cells
B.
White blood cells
C.
Platelets
D.
Plasma
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Solution
Platelets are the component of blood primarily responsible for clotting.
Correct Answer:
C
— Platelets
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Q. Which component of blood is primarily responsible for oxygen transport?
A.
Plasma
B.
White blood cells
C.
Platelets
D.
Red blood cells
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Solution
Red blood cells are primarily responsible for transporting oxygen throughout the body.
Correct Answer:
D
— Red blood cells
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Q. Which component of blood is primarily responsible for transporting oxygen?
A.
Plasma
B.
White blood cells
C.
Platelets
D.
Red blood cells
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Solution
Red blood cells contain hemoglobin, which binds to oxygen and transports it throughout the body.
Correct Answer:
D
— Red blood cells
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Q. Which condition is characterized by the inflammation of the airways, leading to difficulty in breathing?
A.
Asthma
B.
Pneumonia
C.
Bronchitis
D.
Emphysema
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Solution
Asthma is a condition characterized by inflammation of the airways, causing difficulty in breathing.
Correct Answer:
A
— Asthma
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Q. Which condition is characterized by the inflammation of the airways?
A.
Asthma
B.
Pneumonia
C.
Bronchitis
D.
Emphysema
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Solution
Bronchitis is characterized by the inflammation of the airways, leading to coughing and difficulty breathing.
Correct Answer:
C
— Bronchitis
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Q. Which condition is characterized by the inflammation of the bronchi?
A.
Asthma
B.
Bronchitis
C.
Pneumonia
D.
Emphysema
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Solution
Bronchitis is the inflammation of the bronchi, often caused by infection or irritants.
Correct Answer:
B
— Bronchitis
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Q. Which cytokine is known for its role in promoting the differentiation of T cells?
A.
Interleukin-1
B.
Interleukin-2
C.
Tumor necrosis factor
D.
Interferon-gamma
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Solution
Interleukin-2 is crucial for the proliferation and differentiation of T cells during the immune response.
Correct Answer:
B
— Interleukin-2
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Q. Which cytokine is primarily involved in the activation of T cells?
A.
Interleukin-1
B.
Interleukin-2
C.
Tumor necrosis factor-alpha
D.
Interferon-gamma
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Solution
Interleukin-2 is crucial for T cell proliferation and activation, making it a key cytokine in the immune response.
Correct Answer:
B
— Interleukin-2
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Q. Which cytokine is primarily involved in the differentiation of naive T cells into Th1 cells?
A.
IL-4
B.
IL-12
C.
IFN-gamma
D.
TGF-beta
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Solution
IL-12 is crucial for the differentiation of naive T cells into Th1 cells, which are important for cell-mediated immunity.
Correct Answer:
B
— IL-12
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Q. Which cytokine is primarily responsible for activating macrophages during an immune response?
A.
IL-1
B.
IL-6
C.
IFN-gamma
D.
TNF-alpha
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Solution
IFN-gamma is the key cytokine that activates macrophages, enhancing their ability to phagocytose pathogens.
Correct Answer:
C
— IFN-gamma
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Q. Which cytokine is primarily responsible for the differentiation of naive T cells into Th1 cells?
A.
IL-4
B.
IL-12
C.
IFN-gamma
D.
TNF-alpha
Show solution
Solution
IL-12 is the key cytokine that promotes the differentiation of naive T cells into Th1 cells, which are important for cell-mediated immunity.
Correct Answer:
B
— IL-12
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Q. Which digestive disorder is characterized by inflammation of the stomach lining?
A.
Gastritis
B.
Irritable bowel syndrome
C.
Celiac disease
D.
Diverticulitis
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Solution
Gastritis is the inflammation of the stomach lining, often causing pain and discomfort.
Correct Answer:
A
— Gastritis
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Q. Which environmental factor can limit the rate of photosynthesis?
A.
Temperature
B.
Soil pH
C.
Wind speed
D.
Humidity
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Solution
Temperature can limit the rate of photosynthesis, as enzymes involved are temperature-sensitive.
Correct Answer:
A
— Temperature
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Q. Which environmental factor is most critical for seed germination?
A.
Light
B.
Temperature
C.
Soil type
D.
Humidity
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Solution
Temperature is a critical factor for seed germination, as it affects metabolic processes.
Correct Answer:
B
— Temperature
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Q. Which enzyme begins the digestion of carbohydrates in the mouth?
A.
Pepsin
B.
Amylase
C.
Lipase
D.
Trypsin
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Solution
Salivary amylase is the enzyme that begins the digestion of carbohydrates in the mouth.
Correct Answer:
B
— Amylase
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Q. Which enzyme catalyzes the first step of the Calvin cycle?
A.
Rubisco
B.
ATP synthase
C.
NADP+ reductase
D.
Phosphofructokinase
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Solution
Rubisco catalyzes the first step of the Calvin cycle by fixing carbon dioxide.
Correct Answer:
A
— Rubisco
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Q. Which enzyme catalyzes the fixation of carbon dioxide in the Calvin cycle?
A.
Rubisco
B.
ATP synthase
C.
NADP+ reductase
D.
Phosphofructokinase
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Solution
Rubisco is the enzyme that catalyzes the fixation of carbon dioxide in the Calvin cycle.
Correct Answer:
A
— Rubisco
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Q. Which enzyme is crucial for carbon fixation in the Calvin cycle?
A.
Rubisco
B.
ATP synthase
C.
NADP+ reductase
D.
Phosphofructokinase
Show solution
Solution
Rubisco is the enzyme that catalyzes the first step of carbon fixation in the Calvin cycle.
Correct Answer:
A
— Rubisco
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Q. Which enzyme is essential for synthesizing new DNA strands during PCR?
A.
DNA ligase
B.
Taq polymerase
C.
Reverse transcriptase
D.
Restriction enzyme
Show solution
Solution
Taq polymerase is a heat-stable enzyme that synthesizes new DNA strands during the PCR process.
Correct Answer:
B
— Taq polymerase
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