Isomers have the same molecular formula but differ in the arrangement of atoms.

Isomers can have different physical and chemical properties despite having the same molecular formula.

Isotopes are atoms of the same element with the same number of protons but different numbers of neutrons.

Kinetic friction is independent of the contact area and depends only on the normal force and the coefficient of kinetic friction.

Concave lenses always produce virtual images when the object is placed within the focal length.

Liquids are incompressible and have a fixed volume, but they do not have a definite shape.

Magnetic field lines always form closed loops, indicating that magnetic field lines do not start or end but continue indefinitely.

The mesomeric effect is a permanent effect that involves the delocalization of electrons through pi bonds and resonance structures.

In metallic bonding, electrons are delocalized, allowing for conductivity and malleability.

Molarity is defined as moles of solute per liter of solution, and it can change with temperature due to volume changes.

Molecular orbitals are indeed formed by the overlap of atomic orbitals.

Not all molecular orbitals are degenerate; some can have different energy levels.

Molecular orbitals are indeed formed by the overlap of atomic orbitals.

Optical isomers, or enantiomers, rotate plane-polarized light in opposite directions.

Phenols are weak acids due to the ability of the hydroxyl group to donate a proton.

Polarized light vibrates in a single plane, unlike unpolarized light which vibrates in multiple planes.

Power can be negative when work is done against the direction of motion, such as in friction. Therefore, the correct statement is that power can be negative.

The RMS speed is always greater than the average speed for a distribution of speeds in a gas.

Solids have a definite shape and volume due to the closely packed arrangement of their particles.

Colligative properties depend on the number of solute particles, not their type.

Sound waves are longitudinal waves, meaning the particle displacement is parallel to the direction of wave propagation.

Strong acids completely dissociate in solution, producing a high concentration of H+ ions, which allows them to conduct electricity.

Surface tension generally decreases with an increase in temperature due to increased molecular motion.

The Arrhenius equation relates temperature to the rate constant and includes the activation energy.

In the Bohr model, energy levels are quantized, meaning electrons can only exist in specific energy states.

In the Bohr model, only certain orbits (or energy levels) are allowed for electrons, which correspond to specific energy states.

The boiling point is the temperature at which the vapor pressure of a liquid equals the atmospheric pressure.

The common ion effect states that the solubility of a salt decreases in the presence of a common ion.

The law of conservation of energy states that energy can neither be created nor destroyed, but can be transformed from one form to another.

Momentum is conserved in all types of collisions, provided no external forces act on the system.