Pentane and 2-methylbutane differ in the arrangement of carbon atoms, thus showing chain isomerism.

2-pentene can exist in cis and trans forms due to the presence of a double bond.

Heating a metal rod is an example of conduction, where heat is transferred through direct contact between particles.

Boiling water in a pot is a classic example of convection, where hot water rises and cooler water descends.

Heat transfer in a pot of boiling water is an example of forced convection.

Sunlight warming the Earth is an example of heat transfer by radiation, as it does not require a medium.

Lactic acid has a chiral center and can exist as two enantiomers, thus exhibiting optical isomerism.

Physisorption involves weak van der Waals forces, and the adsorption of oxygen on activated charcoal is a classic example.

1-bromopropane and 2-bromopropane differ in the position of the bromine atom, showing structural isomerism.

Keto-enol tautomerism is a classic example of tautomeric isomerism.

Volume is an extensive property, as it depends on the amount of substance present.

All the given options are trigonometric identities.

log_a(b^c) = c * log_a(b) by the power rule of logarithms.

Liter is not a base unit; it is a derived unit for volume, while meter, kilogram, and second are base units.

A satellite in a stable orbit does experience a net force (gravitational force), but it is in free fall, moving with constant speed along a curved path.

Adsorption is a surface phenomenon, while absorption is a bulk phenomenon.

Chemisorption is typically irreversible, unlike physisorption which is reversible.

Gases do not have a definite volume; they expand to fill their container.

Liquids have a definite volume but take the shape of their container, hence they do not have a definite shape.

Noble gases are known for their inertness and low reactivity, making high reactivity incorrect.

The inductive effect is permanent and weakens with distance, but it is not reversible.

Transition metals typically have variable oxidation states, form colored compounds, and exhibit catalytic properties, but they do not have high electronegativity.

Conduction is a mode of heat transfer, not a characteristic of wave motion. The other options are properties of waves.

An inductor is not a component of a Wheatstone bridge; it consists of resistors, a galvanometer, and a battery.

While the other conditions are necessary for balance, the resistances do not need to be equal, just in the same ratio.

Raoult's Law is applicable under conditions of ideal solutions, and high pressure is not a requirement.

Raoult's Law applies to ideal solutions, and it is not necessary for the solute to be volatile.

Alcohols are not derivatives of carboxylic acids; they are separate functional groups.

Zirconium (Zr) is a d-block element, while Uranium, Plutonium, and Neptunium are f-block elements.

Color of solute does not affect its solubility; solubility is influenced by temperature, pressure, and the nature of solute and solvent.