The Inorganic Chemistry section covers the structure, properties, reactions, and applications of elements and their compounds , forming a core pillar of Class 11–12 Chemistry and undergraduate syllabi . This category is designed for school students, undergraduate learners, and competitive exam aspirants , with strong emphasis on NCERT alignment, conceptual clarity, and exam relevance .
In this section, you will study:
Periodic table and periodic trends – atomic size, ionization energy, electronegativity, and reactivity
Chemical bonding and molecular structure – ionic, covalent, metallic bonding, VBT, MOT, and hybridization
Hydrogen and s-block elements – properties, compounds, and applications
p-block elements – group-wise chemistry, important compounds, and trends
d- and f-block elements – transition metals, coordination behavior, and properties
Coordination compounds – nomenclature, isomerism, bonding theories, and applications
Qualitative inorganic analysis – identification of ions and systematic analysis
Industrial and biological importance of inorganic compounds
NCERT- and UG-aligned explanations , supported by reaction mechanisms, tables, diagrams, MCQs, numericals, and PYQs
The content is structured to build strong fundamentals , improve memorization through logic , and help students tackle both theoretical and application-based questions confidently.
Develop a solid foundation in Inorganic Chemistry to excel in school examinations, undergraduate courses, and competitive exams such as NEET, JEE, and CUET .
Q. What is the function of sodium citrate in food applications?
A.
Preservative
B.
Emulsifier
C.
Buffering agent
D.
Coloring agent
Show solution
Solution
Sodium citrate is used as a buffering agent to maintain pH levels in food products.
Correct Answer:
C
— Buffering agent
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Q. What is the hybridization of the central metal ion in the complex [Ni(CO)4]?
A.
sp
B.
sp2
C.
sp3
D.
d2sp3
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Solution
In [Ni(CO)4], nickel is in the +0 oxidation state and uses sp3 hybridization to form four equivalent bonds with the CO ligands.
Correct Answer:
C
— sp3
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Q. What is the main advantage of using a blast furnace in metallurgy?
A.
It is more energy-efficient than other methods
B.
It can process large quantities of ore
C.
It produces purer metals
D.
It requires less raw material
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Solution
The blast furnace can process large quantities of ore, making it efficient for large-scale metal production.
Correct Answer:
B
— It can process large quantities of ore
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Q. What is the main advantage of using bioleaching in metallurgy?
A.
Higher yield of metals
B.
Lower energy consumption
C.
Faster extraction rates
D.
Less environmental impact
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Solution
Bioleaching uses microorganisms to extract metals, resulting in less environmental impact compared to traditional methods.
Correct Answer:
D
— Less environmental impact
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Q. What is the main component of the alloy brass?
A.
Copper and tin
B.
Copper and zinc
C.
Iron and carbon
D.
Aluminum and copper
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Solution
Brass is primarily an alloy of copper and zinc.
Correct Answer:
B
— Copper and zinc
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Q. What is the main component of vinegar that gives it its acidic properties?
A.
Citric acid
B.
Acetic acid
C.
Lactic acid
D.
Formic acid
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Solution
Acetic acid (CH3COOH) is the main component of vinegar, contributing to its sour taste and acidity.
Correct Answer:
B
— Acetic acid
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Q. What is the main environmental benefit of using hydrogen as a fuel?
A.
It produces carbon dioxide
B.
It is renewable
C.
It produces only water as a byproduct
D.
It is cheaper than fossil fuels
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Solution
The main environmental benefit of using hydrogen as a fuel is that it produces only water as a byproduct when combusted.
Correct Answer:
C
— It produces only water as a byproduct
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Q. What is the main product when hydrogen reacts with chlorine gas?
A.
Hydrochloric acid
B.
Hydrogen chloride
C.
Chlorine gas
D.
Chlorinated hydrocarbons
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Solution
When hydrogen reacts with chlorine gas, it forms hydrochloric acid (HCl) in aqueous solution.
Correct Answer:
B
— Hydrogen chloride
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Q. What is the main product when hydrogen reacts with halogens?
A.
Hydrides
B.
Acids
C.
Salts
D.
Oxides
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Solution
When hydrogen reacts with halogens, the main product is hydrogen halides, which are acids.
Correct Answer:
B
— Acids
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Q. What is the main purpose of calcination in metallurgy?
A.
To remove moisture
B.
To convert carbonates to oxides
C.
To reduce metal ores
D.
To purify metals
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Solution
Calcination is primarily used to convert carbonates to oxides by heating them in the absence of air.
Correct Answer:
B
— To convert carbonates to oxides
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Q. What is the main purpose of roasting in metallurgy?
A.
To purify metals
B.
To convert sulfides to oxides
C.
To increase solubility
D.
To reduce metal ores
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Solution
Roasting is used to convert metal sulfides into oxides, making them easier to reduce.
Correct Answer:
B
— To convert sulfides to oxides
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Q. What is the main purpose of using a flux in metallurgy?
A.
To increase the melting point
B.
To facilitate the reduction of ores
C.
To remove impurities
D.
To enhance the color of metals
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Solution
Flux is used to remove impurities from ores during the smelting process, improving the quality of the extracted metal.
Correct Answer:
C
— To remove impurities
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Q. What is the main purpose of using carbon in the extraction of metals from their oxides?
A.
To increase temperature
B.
To act as a catalyst
C.
To reduce metal oxides
D.
To form alloys
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Solution
Carbon is used to reduce metal oxides to their respective metals in a process known as reduction.
Correct Answer:
C
— To reduce metal oxides
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Q. What is the main purpose of using carbon in the extraction of metals from their ores?
A.
To increase melting point
B.
To act as a reducing agent
C.
To form alloys
D.
To enhance conductivity
Show solution
Solution
Carbon is used as a reducing agent in the extraction of metals, particularly in the smelting of iron.
Correct Answer:
B
— To act as a reducing agent
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Q. What is the main purpose of using carbon in the reduction of metal oxides?
A.
To increase temperature
B.
To act as a catalyst
C.
To provide electrons
D.
To form alloys
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Solution
Carbon acts as a reducing agent, providing electrons to reduce metal oxides to metals.
Correct Answer:
C
— To provide electrons
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Q. What is the main reason for the low boiling point of hydrogen compared to other group 1 hydrides?
A.
Hydrogen forms stronger bonds
B.
Hydrogen has a lower molecular weight
C.
Hydrogen does not form hydrogen bonds
D.
Hydrogen is a gas at room temperature
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Solution
Hydrogen does not form hydrogen bonds like heavier group 1 hydrides, leading to a lower boiling point.
Correct Answer:
C
— Hydrogen does not form hydrogen bonds
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Q. What is the molarity of a sodium hydroxide solution if 0.4 moles are dissolved in 2 liters of water?
A.
0.2 M
B.
0.4 M
C.
0.5 M
D.
0.8 M
Show solution
Solution
Molarity (M) = moles of solute / liters of solution. Here, M = 0.4 moles / 2 L = 0.2 M.
Correct Answer:
B
— 0.4 M
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Q. What is the molecular formula of the compound formed when hydrogen reacts with chlorine?
A.
HCl
B.
H2Cl2
C.
Cl2H2
D.
H3Cl
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Solution
The molecular formula of the compound formed when hydrogen reacts with chlorine is HCl (hydrochloric acid).
Correct Answer:
A
— HCl
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Q. What is the net ionic equation for the reaction between H2SO4 and NaOH?
A.
H+ + OH- -> H2O
B.
Na+ + SO4^2- -> Na2SO4
C.
H2SO4 + NaOH -> Na2SO4 + H2O
D.
H2O -> H+ + OH-
Show solution
Solution
The net ionic equation shows the formation of water from hydrogen ions and hydroxide ions.
Correct Answer:
A
— H+ + OH- -> H2O
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Q. What is the oxidation state of chromium in potassium dichromate (K2Cr2O7)?
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Solution
In potassium dichromate, chromium has an oxidation state of +6.
Correct Answer:
C
— +6
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Q. What is the oxidation state of chromium in the complex ion [Cr(NH3)6]Cl3?
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Solution
In the complex [Cr(NH3)6]Cl3, the ammonia ligands are neutral, so the oxidation state of chromium is +3.
Correct Answer:
B
— +3
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Q. What is the oxidation state of chromium in the complex [Cr(NH3)4Cl2]+?
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Solution
The oxidation state of chromium is +3, calculated from the charges of the ligands.
Correct Answer:
B
— +3
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Q. What is the oxidation state of chromium in the complex [Cr(NH3)6]Cl3?
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Solution
In [Cr(NH3)6]Cl3, the ammonia ligands are neutral, so the oxidation state of chromium is +3.
Correct Answer:
B
— +3
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Q. What is the oxidation state of hydrogen in HCl?
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Solution
In HCl, hydrogen has an oxidation state of +1.
Correct Answer:
C
— +1
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Q. What is the oxidation state of hydrogen in NaH?
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Solution
In sodium hydride (NaH), hydrogen has an oxidation state of -1 because it is bonded to a metal.
Correct Answer:
A
— -1
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Q. What is the oxidation state of hydrogen in the compound H2SO4?
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Solution
In H2SO4, hydrogen has an oxidation state of +1.
Correct Answer:
B
— +1
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Q. What is the oxidation state of hydrogen in the hydride ion (H-)?
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Solution
In the hydride ion (H-), hydrogen has an oxidation state of -1.
Correct Answer:
C
— -1
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Q. What is the pH of a 0.001 M solution of sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO3)?
A.
8.4
B.
7.0
C.
9.0
D.
6.5
Show solution
Solution
Sodium bicarbonate is a weak base. The pH can be estimated to be around 8.4 for a 0.001 M solution.
Correct Answer:
A
— 8.4
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Q. What is the pH of a 0.01 M hydrochloric acid solution?
Show solution
Solution
The pH of a strong acid like HCl can be calculated using the formula pH = -log[H+]. For 0.01 M HCl, pH = -log(0.01) = 2.
Correct Answer:
A
— 1
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Q. What is the pH of a 0.1 M hydrochloric acid solution?
Show solution
Solution
Hydrochloric acid (HCl) is a strong acid that dissociates completely in water, so a 0.1 M solution has a pH of 1.
Correct Answer:
B
— 2
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