Sterilization at 160°C dry heat typically requires 60 minutes of exposure.

A total of 18 ATP molecules are produced for each glucose molecule synthesized.

A total of 36 ATP molecules are produced in the light-dependent reactions for every glucose molecule synthesized.

Six molecules of carbon dioxide are required to produce one molecule of glucose in the Calvin cycle.

Humans have 23 pairs of chromosomes, totaling 46.

A typical flower in the Asteraceae family has 10 petals.

A typical sunflower head can produce around 1000 seeds.

It is estimated that there are around 400,000 species within the plant kingdom.

There are approximately 5500 recognized species of mammals.

There are three stages in human labor: dilation, expulsion, and placental.

The typical life cycle of a flowering plant includes 4 stages: germination, growth, reproduction, and death.

An average adult human has 32 teeth, including wisdom teeth.

There are two main types of phloem cells: sieve elements and companion cells.

There are 4 primary types of plant hormones involved in growth regulation: auxins, gibberellins, cytokinins, and abscisic acid.

There are three types of primary meristematic tissues: protoderm, ground meristem, and procambium.

There are two main types of sclerenchyma cells: fibers and sclereids.

There are two main types of xylem cells: tracheids and vessel elements.

There are 5 main classes of vertebrates: mammals, birds, reptiles, amphibians, and fish.

During normal breathing, approximately 500 mL of air is exhaled in a single breath.

The average adult human heart pumps about 4 to 6 liters of blood per minute at rest.

Typically, about 4% of exhaled air is carbon dioxide.

The human large intestine absorbs about 1.5 liters of water daily.

If the contact time is 10 minutes, it can be used 6 times in an hour.

In 3 hours (180 minutes), there are 6 doubling periods (180/30). Starting from 1 bacterium, after 6 doublings, there will be 2^6 = 64 bacteria.

The ID50 is the dose required to infect 50% of the population. Therefore, 500 organisms are needed to infect 50% of the population.

A reduction of 99.9% means that 0.1% of the original load remains. 0.1% of 1,000,000 CFU/mL is 1,000 CFU/mL.

Cardiac output is calculated as heart rate multiplied by stroke volume: 75 beats/min * 70 mL/beat = 5250 mL/min or 5.25 L/min.

In 10 years, the plant will complete 5 generations (10 years / 2 years per generation).

The total number of seeds produced would be 150 fruits * 5 seeds per fruit = 750 seeds.

The distance would be 50m * 2^5 = 1600m after 5 generations.