Q. What does the term 'collision domain' refer to?
A.
A network segment where data packets can collide
B.
A type of network protocol
C.
A security threat in networking
D.
A method of data encryption
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Solution
A collision domain is a network segment where data packets can collide, typically in a shared network environment.
Correct Answer:
A
— A network segment where data packets can collide
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Q. What does the term 'confusion matrix' refer to in classification tasks?
A.
A matrix that shows the relationship between features
B.
A table used to evaluate the performance of a classification model
C.
A method for dimensionality reduction
D.
A technique for data normalization
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Solution
A confusion matrix is a table that summarizes the performance of a classification model by showing true positives, false positives, true negatives, and false negatives.
Correct Answer:
B
— A table used to evaluate the performance of a classification model
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Q. What does the term 'confusion matrix' refer to?
A.
A matrix that shows the performance of a classification model
B.
A method for visualizing neural network layers
C.
A technique for data preprocessing
D.
A type of unsupervised learning algorithm
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Solution
A confusion matrix is a table that shows the performance of a classification model by comparing predicted and actual values.
Correct Answer:
A
— A matrix that shows the performance of a classification model
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Q. What does the term 'curse of dimensionality' refer to?
A.
The increase in computational cost with more features
B.
The difficulty in visualizing high-dimensional data
C.
The risk of overfitting with too many features
D.
All of the above
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Solution
The curse of dimensionality encompasses all these challenges that arise when working with high-dimensional data.
Correct Answer:
D
— All of the above
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Q. What does the term 'ensemble learning' refer to in the context of Random Forests?
A.
Using a single model for predictions
B.
Combining multiple models to improve accuracy
C.
Training models on different datasets
D.
Using only linear models
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Solution
Ensemble learning refers to the technique of combining multiple models, such as decision trees in Random Forests, to improve overall prediction accuracy.
Correct Answer:
B
— Combining multiple models to improve accuracy
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Q. What does the term 'environment' refer to in reinforcement learning?
A.
The dataset used for training
B.
The external system the agent interacts with
C.
The algorithm used for learning
D.
The performance metrics
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Solution
The environment is the external system with which the agent interacts and receives feedback in the form of rewards.
Correct Answer:
B
— The external system the agent interacts with
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Q. What does the term 'feature engineering' refer to?
A.
The process of selecting a model
B.
The process of creating new input features from existing data
C.
The process of tuning hyperparameters
D.
The process of evaluating model performance
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Solution
Feature engineering involves creating new input features from existing data to improve model performance.
Correct Answer:
B
— The process of creating new input features from existing data
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Q. What does the term 'feature importance' refer to in the context of Random Forests?
A.
The number of features used in the model
B.
The contribution of each feature to the model's predictions
C.
The correlation between features
D.
The total number of trees in the forest
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Solution
Feature importance indicates how much each feature contributes to the model's predictions, helping to identify the most influential variables.
Correct Answer:
B
— The contribution of each feature to the model's predictions
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Q. What does the term 'grammar ambiguity' refer to?
A.
Multiple valid parse trees for a single input
B.
The inability to parse a string
C.
A grammar that cannot be expressed in BNF
D.
A grammar with too many productions
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Solution
Grammar ambiguity refers to the situation where multiple valid parse trees can be generated for a single input string.
Correct Answer:
A
— Multiple valid parse trees for a single input
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Q. What does the term 'learning rate' control in a neural network?
A.
The number of layers in the network
B.
The speed of weight updates
C.
The size of the training dataset
D.
The complexity of the model
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Solution
The learning rate determines how much to change the model in response to the estimated error each time the model weights are updated.
Correct Answer:
B
— The speed of weight updates
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Q. What does the term 'margin' refer to in the context of SVM?
A.
The distance between the closest data points of different classes
B.
The total number of support vectors
C.
The area under the ROC curve
D.
The error rate of the model
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Solution
In SVM, the margin is the distance between the closest data points of different classes, which the algorithm aims to maximize.
Correct Answer:
A
— The distance between the closest data points of different classes
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Q. What does the term 'memory leak' refer to?
A.
Not freeing allocated memory
B.
Accessing uninitialized memory
C.
Using too much stack space
D.
Overwriting memory
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Solution
A memory leak occurs when allocated memory is not freed, leading to wasted memory resources.
Correct Answer:
A
— Not freeing allocated memory
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Q. What does the term 'overfitting' refer to in machine learning?
A.
A model that performs well on training data but poorly on unseen data
B.
A model that generalizes well to new data
C.
A model that has high bias
D.
A model that is too simple
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Solution
Overfitting occurs when a model learns the training data too well, capturing noise and failing to generalize to unseen data.
Correct Answer:
A
— A model that performs well on training data but poorly on unseen data
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Q. What does the term 'overfitting' refer to in model evaluation?
A.
Model performs well on training data but poorly on unseen data
B.
Model performs poorly on both training and unseen data
C.
Model performs well on unseen data but poorly on training data
D.
Model has high bias
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Solution
Overfitting occurs when a model learns the training data too well, resulting in poor generalization to unseen data.
Correct Answer:
A
— Model performs well on training data but poorly on unseen data
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Q. What does the term 'overfitting' refer to in the context of model selection?
A.
A model that performs well on training data but poorly on unseen data
B.
A model that is too simple to capture the underlying data patterns
C.
A model that uses too many features
D.
A model that is trained on too little data
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Solution
Overfitting occurs when a model learns the training data too well, capturing noise instead of the underlying pattern, leading to poor performance on unseen data.
Correct Answer:
A
— A model that performs well on training data but poorly on unseen data
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Q. What does the term 'register allocation' refer to in code generation?
A.
Assigning variables to CPU registers
B.
Allocating memory for dynamic variables
C.
Managing stack space for function calls
D.
Distributing tasks among multiple processors
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Solution
Register allocation refers to the process of assigning variables to CPU registers to optimize access speed.
Correct Answer:
A
— Assigning variables to CPU registers
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Q. What does the term 'subnetting' refer to in IP addressing?
A.
Dividing a network into smaller networks
B.
Combining multiple networks into one
C.
Assigning static IP addresses
D.
Changing the default gateway
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Solution
Subnetting refers to the practice of dividing a larger network into smaller, more manageable subnetworks.
Correct Answer:
A
— Dividing a network into smaller networks
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Q. What does the term 'subnetting' refer to?
A.
Dividing a network into smaller networks
B.
Combining multiple networks into one
C.
Changing the IP address of a device
D.
None of the above
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Solution
Subnetting refers to the practice of dividing a larger network into smaller, more manageable sub-networks.
Correct Answer:
A
— Dividing a network into smaller networks
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Q. What does the term 'subword tokenization' refer to?
A.
Breaking words into smaller meaningful units
B.
Combining multiple words into a single token
C.
Ignoring punctuation in tokenization
D.
Using only the first letter of each word
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Solution
Subword tokenization refers to breaking words into smaller meaningful units, which helps in handling out-of-vocabulary words.
Correct Answer:
A
— Breaking words into smaller meaningful units
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Q. What does the term 'supernetting' refer to?
A.
Combining multiple subnets into a larger network
B.
Dividing a network into smaller subnets
C.
A method of IP address allocation
D.
A type of routing protocol
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Solution
Supernetting is the process of aggregating multiple contiguous subnets into a single larger network to simplify routing.
Correct Answer:
A
— Combining multiple subnets into a larger network
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Q. What does the term 'symbol table' refer to in a compiler?
A.
A table of syntax rules
B.
A data structure that stores information about identifiers
C.
A list of optimization techniques
D.
A representation of the abstract syntax tree
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Solution
A symbol table is a data structure that stores information about identifiers, such as their types and scopes.
Correct Answer:
B
— A data structure that stores information about identifiers
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Q. What does the term 'token' refer to in the context of lexical analysis?
A.
A sequence of characters
B.
A data structure for syntax trees
C.
A meaningful sequence of characters
D.
A type of error in parsing
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Solution
In lexical analysis, a token refers to a meaningful sequence of characters that represents a basic element of the language.
Correct Answer:
C
— A meaningful sequence of characters
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Q. What evaluation metric is commonly used to assess the performance of a classification model?
A.
Accuracy
B.
Mean Squared Error
C.
Silhouette Score
D.
R-squared
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Solution
Accuracy measures the proportion of true results among the total number of cases examined.
Correct Answer:
A
— Accuracy
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Q. What happens if a recursive function does not have a base case?
A.
It will run indefinitely
B.
It will return a default value
C.
It will throw an error
D.
It will terminate successfully
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Solution
If a recursive function does not have a base case, it will run indefinitely, leading to a stack overflow.
Correct Answer:
A
— It will run indefinitely
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Q. What happens if binary search is applied to a linked list?
A.
It works efficiently
B.
It cannot be applied
C.
It works but is inefficient
D.
It requires additional data structures
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Solution
Binary search cannot be efficiently applied to a linked list because it requires random access to elements, which linked lists do not provide.
Correct Answer:
C
— It works but is inefficient
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Q. What happens if Dijkstra's algorithm encounters a negative weight edge?
A.
It will still find the shortest path.
B.
It will fail to find a solution.
C.
It will ignore the edge.
D.
It will return an incorrect path.
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Solution
Dijkstra's algorithm does not handle negative weight edges correctly, which can lead to incorrect paths.
Correct Answer:
D
— It will return an incorrect path.
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Q. What happens if Dijkstra's algorithm is applied to a graph with negative weight edges?
A.
It will still find the shortest path.
B.
It may produce incorrect results.
C.
It will not terminate.
D.
It will find the longest path.
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Solution
Dijkstra's algorithm may produce incorrect results if applied to graphs with negative weight edges, as it assumes that once a node's shortest path is found, it cannot be improved.
Correct Answer:
B
— It may produce incorrect results.
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Q. What happens if Dijkstra's algorithm is run on a graph with a negative weight cycle?
A.
It will return the correct shortest path
B.
It will enter an infinite loop
C.
It will terminate with an error
D.
It may return incorrect results
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Solution
If Dijkstra's algorithm is run on a graph with a negative weight cycle, it may return incorrect results, as the algorithm assumes that once a vertex's shortest path is found, it will not change.
Correct Answer:
D
— It may return incorrect results
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Q. What happens if the array is not sorted before applying binary search?
A.
It will still work
B.
It will give incorrect results
C.
It will run indefinitely
D.
It will throw an error
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Solution
If the array is not sorted, binary search will give incorrect results as it relies on the order of elements.
Correct Answer:
B
— It will give incorrect results
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Q. What happens if the array is not sorted before performing a binary search?
A.
It will still work
B.
It will give incorrect results
C.
It will throw an error
D.
It will sort the array first
Show solution
Solution
If the array is not sorted, binary search will give incorrect results because it relies on the order of elements.
Correct Answer:
B
— It will give incorrect results
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