A demodulator converts the modulated signal back to its original form.

A modulator converts digital signals to analog for transmission.

Modulation allows signals to be transmitted over long distances by shifting the frequency of the signal to a higher range, making it suitable for transmission through various media.

During discharge, the primary reaction in a lead-acid battery is Pb + PbO2 + 2H2SO4 → 2PbSO4 + 2H2O.

The +M effect of -OCH3 is primarily due to resonance effect, where the lone pairs on oxygen can delocalize into the aromatic ring.

The inductive effect of the -Cl group in chloroacetic acid increases its acidity compared to acetic acid.

The color of transition metal complexes arises from the presence of unpaired electrons and the crystal field splitting of d-orbitals.

The color of transition metal compounds arises from the presence of unpaired electrons and d-d transitions.

Gases are highly compressible due to large intermolecular spaces between particles.

The elevation of boiling point occurs because the presence of solute lowers the vapor pressure of the solvent, requiring a higher temperature to reach boiling.

A precipitate forms when the ionic product exceeds the solubility product (Ksp) of the salt.

The formation of droplets is primarily due to surface tension, which minimizes the surface area of the liquid.

The high boiling point of water is primarily due to hydrogen bonding between water molecules.

Alkali metals have low ionization energy, which contributes to their high reactivity.

Halogens are highly reactive because they have a strong desire to gain one electron to achieve a stable octet.

All of the above factors contribute to the increase in pH during the titration of a weak acid with a strong base.

Higher molecular weight leads to increased intermolecular forces, resulting in higher viscosity.

The reactivity of alkali metals increases down the group due to decreasing ionization energy.

The presence of solute particles reduces the number of solvent molecules at the surface, leading to a lower vapor pressure.

Diffraction occurs due to the wave nature of light, allowing it to bend around obstacles and spread out.

Diffraction occurs due to the wave nature of light, allowing it to bend around obstacles.

Electric motors operate based on the Lorentz force, which acts on current-carrying conductors in a magnetic field, causing rotation.

Capillarity is primarily caused by surface tension, which allows liquids to rise or fall in narrow spaces against gravity.

Benzene's stability arises from resonance stabilization, where the electrons are delocalized over the entire ring structure.

Phenol is stabilized by resonance (mesomeric effect) which is not present in cyclohexanol.

Insulation is used primarily to prevent conduction of heat, thereby maintaining the desired temperature inside buildings.

Gases can be compressed due to large intermolecular spaces between particles, unlike liquids and solids.

In a solution of acetic acid, the primary species present is the undissociated acetic acid (CH3COOH), along with some dissociated ions.

In a solution of sodium acetate, the acetate ion (CH3COO-) is the primary species that affects the pH.

Glycogen is the primary storage form of carbohydrates in animals.