Biology is the science of life — from the tiniest cell to the most complex human systems. This category is designed to support school students (Classes 6–12) as well as undergraduate (UG) learners with clear explanations, exam-focused content, and concept-building resources. You’ll find:
Concept-wise explanations aligned with NCERT and common UG syllabi
Important questions & answers for school exams, NEET foundation, and college tests
Human physiology, genetics, ecology, biotechnology, and cell biology explained simply
Practice questions, MCQs, and revision notes to strengthen understanding
Doubt-solving and conceptual clarity for competitive and academic success
Whether you’re preparing for school exams , building a strong base for NEET , or studying Biology at the undergraduate level , this section helps you learn smarter, revise faster, and understand Biology deeply — not just memorize it.
Learn life sciences the right way — clear concepts, exam relevance, and real understanding.
Q. What is the role of mutations in plant evolution?
A.
They are harmful and should be avoided
B.
They provide raw material for evolution
C.
They have no role in evolution
D.
They only occur in animals
Show solution
Solution
Mutations provide the raw material for evolution by introducing new genetic variations into a population.
Correct Answer:
B
— They provide raw material for evolution
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Q. What is the role of mycorrhizae in plant ecology?
A.
Water storage
B.
Nutrient absorption
C.
Photosynthesis
D.
Seed dispersal
Show solution
Solution
Mycorrhizae enhance nutrient absorption for plants, particularly phosphorus.
Correct Answer:
B
— Nutrient absorption
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Q. What is the role of mycorrhizae in plant growth?
A.
Water storage
B.
Nutrient absorption
C.
Photosynthesis
D.
Gas exchange
Show solution
Solution
Mycorrhizae enhance nutrient absorption, particularly phosphorus, from the soil.
Correct Answer:
B
— Nutrient absorption
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Q. What is the role of mycorrhizal fungi in plant growth?
A.
Photosynthesis
B.
Nutrient absorption
C.
Water storage
D.
Pollination
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Solution
Mycorrhizal fungi enhance nutrient absorption, particularly phosphorus, for plants.
Correct Answer:
B
— Nutrient absorption
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Q. What is the role of NADPH in photosynthesis?
A.
Energy storage
B.
Electron transport
C.
Carbon fixation
D.
Light absorption
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Solution
NADPH serves as an electron carrier in the light-independent reactions of photosynthesis.
Correct Answer:
B
— Electron transport
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Q. What is the role of phloem in plants?
A.
Transport of water
B.
Transport of sugars
C.
Support and structure
D.
Storage of nutrients
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Solution
Phloem is responsible for the transport of sugars and other metabolic products downward from the leaves.
Correct Answer:
B
— Transport of sugars
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Q. What is the role of phytochemicals in human health?
A.
Provide energy
B.
Enhance flavor
C.
Prevent disease
D.
Increase growth rate
Show solution
Solution
Phytochemicals are compounds in plants that can help prevent diseases.
Correct Answer:
C
— Prevent disease
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Q. What is the role of phytosterols found in plants regarding human health?
A.
Increase cholesterol levels
B.
Lower cholesterol levels
C.
Enhance flavor
D.
Promote growth
Show solution
Solution
Phytosterols can help lower cholesterol levels in humans by blocking the absorption of cholesterol in the intestines.
Correct Answer:
B
— Lower cholesterol levels
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Q. What is the role of phytosterols in human health?
A.
Increase blood sugar
B.
Lower cholesterol
C.
Enhance digestion
D.
Boost immunity
Show solution
Solution
Phytosterols are known to lower cholesterol levels in the body.
Correct Answer:
B
— Lower cholesterol
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Q. What is the role of pollinators in plant reproduction?
A.
To provide water to the plants
B.
To assist in seed dispersal
C.
To transfer pollen from male to female structures
D.
To enhance photosynthesis
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Solution
Pollinators transfer pollen from the male anthers to the female stigma, facilitating fertilization.
Correct Answer:
C
— To transfer pollen from male to female structures
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Q. What is the role of pollinators in the evolution of flowering plants?
A.
They reduce genetic diversity
B.
They facilitate cross-pollination
C.
They increase competition
D.
They have no role
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Solution
Pollinators facilitate cross-pollination, which enhances genetic diversity and can lead to evolutionary adaptations in flowering plants.
Correct Answer:
B
— They facilitate cross-pollination
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Q. What is the role of restriction enzymes in molecular biology?
A.
To cut DNA at specific sequences
B.
To synthesize RNA
C.
To amplify DNA
D.
To repair DNA
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Solution
Restriction enzymes cut DNA at specific sequences, which is essential for cloning and recombinant DNA technology.
Correct Answer:
A
— To cut DNA at specific sequences
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Q. What is the role of Rhizobium bacteria in legume plants?
A.
Decomposing organic matter
B.
Fixing atmospheric nitrogen
C.
Promoting root growth
D.
Producing secondary metabolites
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Solution
Rhizobium bacteria form nodules on legume roots and fix atmospheric nitrogen, benefiting the plant.
Correct Answer:
B
— Fixing atmospheric nitrogen
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Q. What is the role of Rhizobium in legume plants?
A.
Decomposing organic matter
B.
Fixing atmospheric nitrogen
C.
Promoting root growth
D.
Enhancing photosynthesis
Show solution
Solution
Rhizobium bacteria form nodules on legume roots and fix atmospheric nitrogen, benefiting the plant.
Correct Answer:
B
— Fixing atmospheric nitrogen
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Q. What is the role of Rhizobium in plant ecology?
A.
Decomposing organic matter
B.
Forming symbiotic relationships with legumes
C.
Causing plant diseases
D.
Producing antibiotics
Show solution
Solution
Rhizobium bacteria form symbiotic relationships with legume roots, fixing nitrogen and improving soil fertility.
Correct Answer:
B
— Forming symbiotic relationships with legumes
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Q. What is the role of ribosomal RNA (rRNA) in the cell?
A.
To carry amino acids to the ribosome
B.
To catalyze protein synthesis
C.
To store genetic information
D.
To transcribe DNA
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Solution
Ribosomal RNA (rRNA) plays a crucial role in catalyzing protein synthesis at the ribosome.
Correct Answer:
B
— To catalyze protein synthesis
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Q. What is the role of ribosomes in gene expression?
A.
DNA replication
B.
RNA synthesis
C.
Protein synthesis
D.
RNA degradation
Show solution
Solution
Ribosomes are the cellular machinery that synthesizes proteins during the process of translation.
Correct Answer:
C
— Protein synthesis
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Q. What is the role of ribosomes in plant cells?
A.
Energy production
B.
Photosynthesis
C.
Protein synthesis
D.
Cell division
Show solution
Solution
Ribosomes are responsible for synthesizing proteins by translating messenger RNA.
Correct Answer:
C
— Protein synthesis
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Q. What is the role of ribosomes in protein synthesis?
A.
To transcribe DNA into RNA
B.
To translate mRNA into polypeptides
C.
To replicate DNA
D.
To splice introns from mRNA
Show solution
Solution
Ribosomes are the cellular machinery that translates mRNA into polypeptides, facilitating protein synthesis.
Correct Answer:
B
— To translate mRNA into polypeptides
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Q. What is the role of RNA in protein synthesis in plants?
A.
Energy carrier
B.
Genetic material
C.
Messenger and translator
D.
Structural component
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Solution
RNA acts as a messenger (mRNA) and translator (tRNA) in the process of protein synthesis.
Correct Answer:
C
— Messenger and translator
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Q. What is the role of RNA polymerase in gene expression?
A.
To replicate DNA
B.
To synthesize RNA from a DNA template
C.
To splice RNA
D.
To translate RNA into protein
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Solution
RNA polymerase synthesizes RNA from a DNA template during the process of transcription in gene expression.
Correct Answer:
B
— To synthesize RNA from a DNA template
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Q. What is the role of RuBisCO in photosynthesis?
A.
To absorb light
B.
To fix carbon dioxide
C.
To produce ATP
D.
To transport electrons
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Solution
RuBisCO is the enzyme that catalyzes the fixation of carbon dioxide in the Calvin cycle.
Correct Answer:
B
— To fix carbon dioxide
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Q. What is the role of RuBisCO in the Calvin cycle?
A.
To produce ATP
B.
To fix carbon dioxide
C.
To generate NADPH
D.
To release oxygen
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Solution
RuBisCO is the enzyme that catalyzes the fixation of carbon dioxide in the Calvin cycle.
Correct Answer:
B
— To fix carbon dioxide
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Q. What is the role of stomata in plant leaves?
A.
Water storage
B.
Gas exchange
C.
Nutrient absorption
D.
Support
Show solution
Solution
Stomata are small openings on the leaf surface that allow for gas exchange, including the intake of carbon dioxide and release of oxygen.
Correct Answer:
B
— Gas exchange
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Q. What is the role of stomata in plants?
A.
Water storage
B.
Gas exchange
C.
Nutrient absorption
D.
Photosynthesis
Show solution
Solution
Stomata are small openings that allow for gas exchange, including the intake of carbon dioxide.
Correct Answer:
B
— Gas exchange
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Q. What is the role of surfactant in the lungs?
A.
To transport oxygen
B.
To prevent alveolar collapse
C.
To filter dust particles
D.
To regulate blood pH
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Solution
Surfactant reduces surface tension in the alveoli, preventing their collapse and aiding in gas exchange.
Correct Answer:
B
— To prevent alveolar collapse
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Q. What is the role of surfactants in disinfection?
A.
Increase the pH of the solution
B.
Enhance the penetration of disinfectants
C.
Neutralize microbial toxins
D.
Stabilize the disinfectant solution
Show solution
Solution
Surfactants enhance the penetration of disinfectants by reducing surface tension, allowing better contact with microbes.
Correct Answer:
B
— Enhance the penetration of disinfectants
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Q. What is the role of T helper cells in the immune response?
A.
To kill infected cells
B.
To produce antibodies
C.
To activate B cells and cytotoxic T cells
D.
To phagocytize pathogens
Show solution
Solution
T helper cells are crucial for activating B cells and cytotoxic T cells, coordinating the adaptive immune response.
Correct Answer:
C
— To activate B cells and cytotoxic T cells
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Q. What is the role of the 5' cap in mRNA processing?
A.
To signal the start of translation
B.
To protect mRNA from degradation
C.
To facilitate splicing
D.
To enhance transcription
Show solution
Solution
The 5' cap protects mRNA from degradation and assists in the initiation of translation by helping ribosomes recognize the mRNA.
Correct Answer:
B
— To protect mRNA from degradation
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Q. What is the role of the amniotic fluid?
A.
To provide nutrients
B.
To cushion the fetus
C.
To facilitate gas exchange
D.
To produce hormones
Show solution
Solution
Amniotic fluid cushions the fetus, providing protection and allowing for movement.
Correct Answer:
B
— To cushion the fetus
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