Newton's first law states that an object at rest stays at rest and an object in motion stays in motion unless acted upon by a net force.

Newton's third law states that for every action, there is an equal and opposite reaction.

Momentum is conserved in isolated systems, regardless of the type of collision.

A microscope uses a concave mirror and a convex lens to magnify small images.

A telescope typically uses a combination of a concave mirror and a convex lens to gather and focus light.

All of these instruments use refraction to magnify objects.

Gluons are the exchange particles that mediate the strong nuclear force between quarks, which make up protons and neutrons.

Diffraction is the bending of waves around obstacles and openings.

Refraction is the phenomenon that explains the bending of light as it passes through different media, such as a prism.

Diffraction is the bending of waves around obstacles and openings.

Diffraction occurs when light waves encounter an obstacle or slit that is comparable in size to their wavelength.

Convection describes the transfer of heat through a fluid (liquid or gas) due to density differences caused by temperature variations.

Convection is the process of heat transfer through the movement of fluids, where warmer fluid rises and cooler fluid sinks.

Constructive interference occurs when two waves are in phase, resulting in a wave of greater amplitude.

Linear polarization occurs when waves vibrate in a single plane.

Only transverse waves can be polarized, as they oscillate perpendicular to the direction of wave propagation.

Sound waves are mechanical waves that require a medium (solid, liquid, or gas) to propagate.

Sound waves are mechanical waves that require a medium (solid, liquid, or gas) to propagate.