Biology is the science of life — from the tiniest cell to the most complex human systems. This category is designed to support school students (Classes 6–12) as well as undergraduate (UG) learners with clear explanations, exam-focused content, and concept-building resources. You’ll find:
Concept-wise explanations aligned with NCERT and common UG syllabi
Important questions & answers for school exams, NEET foundation, and college tests
Human physiology, genetics, ecology, biotechnology, and cell biology explained simply
Practice questions, MCQs, and revision notes to strengthen understanding
Doubt-solving and conceptual clarity for competitive and academic success
Whether you’re preparing for school exams , building a strong base for NEET , or studying Biology at the undergraduate level , this section helps you learn smarter, revise faster, and understand Biology deeply — not just memorize it.
Learn life sciences the right way — clear concepts, exam relevance, and real understanding.
Q. What is the role of antigen-presenting cells (APCs) in the immune response?
A.
To produce antibodies
B.
To present antigens to T cells
C.
To directly kill pathogens
D.
To secrete cytokines
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Solution
Antigen-presenting cells (APCs) process and present antigens to T cells, initiating the adaptive immune response.
Correct Answer:
B
— To present antigens to T cells
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Q. What is the role of ATP and NADPH in the Calvin cycle?
A.
Energy and reducing power
B.
Oxygen production
C.
Carbon fixation
D.
Light absorption
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Solution
ATP provides energy and NADPH provides reducing power for the Calvin cycle.
Correct Answer:
A
— Energy and reducing power
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Q. What is the role of ATP and NADPH produced in the light reactions?
A.
To provide energy and reducing power for the Calvin cycle
B.
To produce glucose directly
C.
To transport water
D.
To release oxygen
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Solution
ATP and NADPH provide the energy and reducing power needed for the Calvin cycle.
Correct Answer:
A
— To provide energy and reducing power for the Calvin cycle
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Q. What is the role of ATP in the light-independent reactions?
A.
Energy source
B.
Electron carrier
C.
Carbon source
D.
None of the above
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Solution
ATP serves as the energy source for the light-independent reactions (Calvin cycle).
Correct Answer:
A
— Energy source
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Q. What is the role of ATP synthase in photosynthesis?
A.
To absorb light
B.
To fix carbon
C.
To synthesize ATP
D.
To transport electrons
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Solution
ATP synthase synthesizes ATP from ADP and inorganic phosphate during the light reactions.
Correct Answer:
C
— To synthesize ATP
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Q. What is the role of autoclaving in sterilization?
A.
It uses chemical agents to kill microorganisms.
B.
It uses high pressure and steam to achieve sterilization.
C.
It relies on ultraviolet light to disinfect surfaces.
D.
It is a method of physical disinfection only.
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Solution
Autoclaving uses high pressure and steam to achieve sterilization, effectively killing all microorganisms, including spores.
Correct Answer:
B
— It uses high pressure and steam to achieve sterilization.
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Q. What is the role of auxins in apical dominance?
A.
Promote lateral bud growth
B.
Inhibit lateral bud growth
C.
Stimulate root growth
D.
Enhance leaf growth
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Solution
Auxins inhibit the growth of lateral buds, maintaining apical dominance in plants.
Correct Answer:
B
— Inhibit lateral bud growth
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Q. What is the role of auxins in plant development?
A.
Promote flowering
B.
Stimulate root growth
C.
Inhibit growth
D.
Promote fruit ripening
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Solution
Auxins stimulate root growth and are involved in various developmental processes.
Correct Answer:
B
— Stimulate root growth
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Q. What is the role of bile in digestion?
A.
Breaks down carbohydrates
B.
Emulsifies fats
C.
Digests proteins
D.
Absorbs nutrients
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Solution
Bile emulsifies fats, breaking them down into smaller droplets to enhance digestion and absorption.
Correct Answer:
B
— Emulsifies fats
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Q. What is the role of biopesticides in plant biotechnology?
A.
To enhance photosynthesis
B.
To control pest populations sustainably
C.
To improve soil fertility
D.
To increase plant height
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Solution
Biopesticides are used to control pest populations in a sustainable manner, reducing chemical pesticide use.
Correct Answer:
B
— To control pest populations sustainably
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Q. What is the role of chlorophyll in photosynthesis?
A.
To absorb water
B.
To capture light energy
C.
To synthesize glucose
D.
To release oxygen
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Solution
Chlorophyll captures light energy, which is essential for the light reactions of photosynthesis.
Correct Answer:
B
— To capture light energy
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Q. What is the role of chlorophyll in plants?
A.
Water absorption
B.
Nutrient transport
C.
Light absorption for photosynthesis
D.
Root growth
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Solution
Chlorophyll is the pigment that absorbs light energy for photosynthesis.
Correct Answer:
C
— Light absorption for photosynthesis
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Q. What is the role of collenchyma cells in plants?
A.
Storage of starch
B.
Support in young stems and leaves
C.
Water transport
D.
Photosynthesis
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Solution
Collenchyma cells provide flexible support to young stems and leaves, allowing for growth and movement.
Correct Answer:
B
— Support in young stems and leaves
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Q. What is the role of cytokines in the immune response?
A.
To directly kill pathogens
B.
To signal and regulate immune cell activity
C.
To form antibodies
D.
To enhance phagocytosis
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Solution
Cytokines are signaling molecules that regulate and coordinate the immune response by influencing the activity of immune cells.
Correct Answer:
B
— To signal and regulate immune cell activity
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Q. What is the role of cytokinins in plant development?
A.
Promote leaf senescence
B.
Stimulate cell division
C.
Inhibit root growth
D.
Enhance photosynthesis
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Solution
Cytokinins are hormones that stimulate cell division and promote shoot development.
Correct Answer:
B
— Stimulate cell division
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Q. What is the role of cytokinins in plant growth?
A.
Promote root growth
B.
Stimulate cell division
C.
Inhibit leaf senescence
D.
All of the above
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Solution
Cytokinins stimulate cell division, promote root growth, and inhibit leaf senescence.
Correct Answer:
D
— All of the above
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Q. What is the role of dendritic cells in the immune response?
A.
To produce antibodies
B.
To present antigens to T cells
C.
To kill infected cells
D.
To secrete cytokines
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Solution
Dendritic cells are professional antigen-presenting cells that capture and present antigens to T cells, initiating the adaptive immune response.
Correct Answer:
B
— To present antigens to T cells
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Q. What is the role of dendritic cells in the immune system?
A.
Produce antibodies
B.
Present antigens to T cells
C.
Kill pathogens directly
D.
Secrete cytokines
Show solution
Solution
Dendritic cells are professional antigen-presenting cells that capture, process, and present antigens to T cells, initiating the adaptive immune response.
Correct Answer:
B
— Present antigens to T cells
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Q. What is the role of essential oils derived from plants in human health?
A.
Photosynthesis
B.
Antimicrobial properties
C.
Water absorption
D.
Nutrient storage
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Solution
Essential oils from plants often possess antimicrobial properties, making them useful in health and wellness.
Correct Answer:
B
— Antimicrobial properties
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Q. What is the role of essential oils in plants that can also benefit human health?
A.
Photosynthesis
B.
Defense against pests
C.
Water absorption
D.
Nutrient storage
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Solution
Essential oils help plants defend against pests and can have therapeutic effects in humans.
Correct Answer:
B
— Defense against pests
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Q. What is the role of essential oils in plants that can also have therapeutic effects on humans?
A.
Photosynthesis
B.
Defense mechanisms
C.
Water storage
D.
Nutrient absorption
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Solution
Essential oils help protect plants from pests and diseases, and can have therapeutic effects when used in aromatherapy.
Correct Answer:
B
— Defense mechanisms
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Q. What is the role of essential oils in plants?
A.
Photosynthesis
B.
Defense against herbivores
C.
Water storage
D.
Nutrient absorption
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Solution
Essential oils serve as a defense mechanism against herbivores and pathogens.
Correct Answer:
B
— Defense against herbivores
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Q. What is the role of fiber in the human digestive system?
A.
Provides energy
B.
Aids in digestion
C.
Increases fat absorption
D.
Stimulates bile production
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Solution
Fiber aids in digestion by promoting regular bowel movements and preventing constipation.
Correct Answer:
B
— Aids in digestion
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Q. What is the role of helper T cells in the immune response?
A.
Directly kill infected cells
B.
Stimulate B cells and cytotoxic T cells
C.
Produce antibodies
D.
Engulf pathogens
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Solution
Helper T cells play a crucial role in stimulating B cells to produce antibodies and activating cytotoxic T cells.
Correct Answer:
B
— Stimulate B cells and cytotoxic T cells
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Q. What is the role of histones in plant cells?
A.
Energy production
B.
DNA packaging
C.
Photosynthesis
D.
Cell division
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Solution
Histones are proteins that help package DNA into a compact, organized structure called chromatin.
Correct Answer:
B
— DNA packaging
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Q. What is the role of messenger RNA (mRNA) in gene expression?
A.
To replicate DNA
B.
To carry genetic information from DNA to ribosomes
C.
To form the structure of ribosomes
D.
To transport amino acids
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Solution
mRNA carries genetic information from DNA to ribosomes, where proteins are synthesized.
Correct Answer:
B
— To carry genetic information from DNA to ribosomes
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Q. What is the role of messenger RNA (mRNA)?
A.
To store genetic information
B.
To transport amino acids
C.
To carry genetic information from DNA to ribosomes
D.
To form the structure of ribosomes
Show solution
Solution
Messenger RNA (mRNA) carries genetic information from DNA to the ribosomes for protein synthesis.
Correct Answer:
C
— To carry genetic information from DNA to ribosomes
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Q. What is the role of mitochondria in plant cells?
A.
Photosynthesis
B.
Energy production
C.
Water storage
D.
Nutrient absorption
Show solution
Solution
Mitochondria are known as the powerhouses of the cell, where energy production through respiration occurs.
Correct Answer:
B
— Energy production
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Q. What is the role of monoclonal antibodies in biotechnology?
A.
To enhance photosynthesis
B.
To target specific cells in therapy
C.
To produce insulin
D.
To modify genetic sequences
Show solution
Solution
Monoclonal antibodies are designed to target specific cells, making them useful in therapies and diagnostics.
Correct Answer:
B
— To target specific cells in therapy
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Q. What is the role of mRNA in gene expression?
A.
To replicate DNA
B.
To transport amino acids
C.
To carry genetic information from DNA to ribosomes
D.
To form the ribosome structure
Show solution
Solution
mRNA carries the genetic information from DNA to the ribosomes for protein synthesis.
Correct Answer:
C
— To carry genetic information from DNA to ribosomes
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