A convex lens is designed to converge light rays to a focal point.

A concave lens is used to correct nearsightedness (myopia) by diverging light rays before they enter the eye.

Linear polarization occurs when light waves vibrate in a single plane.

Bohr's model of the atom introduced the idea that electrons travel in fixed orbits around the nucleus, with quantized energy levels.

The maximum kinetic energy (KE) of emitted electrons is given by the equation KE = hf - φ, where φ is the work function of the material.

The equation E = hf - φ describes the photoelectric effect, where E is the kinetic energy of the emitted electron, hf is the energy of the incident photon, and φ is the work function.

Lenz's law states that the direction of induced current is such that it opposes the change in magnetic flux.

Bohr's model introduced the concept of quantized energy levels for electrons in an atom.

Weight is the force exerted by gravity on an object and is calculated as Weight = Mass x Acceleration due to gravity (W = mg).

The position of a simple harmonic oscillator can be represented as x(t) = A cos(ωt + φ) or x(t) = A sin(ωt + φ).

The induced emf is affected by the number of turns in the coil, the rate of change of magnetic flux, and the strength of the magnetic field. The resistance of the wire does not affect the induced emf directly.

The pressure of an ideal gas is affected by temperature, volume, and the number of molecules, but not by the color of the gas.

The speed of the object does not directly affect its stability; stability is influenced by the height of the center of mass and the base width.

In longitudinal waves, particles of the medium move parallel to the direction of wave propagation.

Polarized light vibrates in one direction, unlike unpolarized light which vibrates in all directions.

Semiconductors have a conductivity that increases with temperature due to the increased number of charge carriers available for conduction.

The third law of thermodynamics implies that absolute zero cannot be reached, as the entropy of a perfect crystal approaches zero.

The kinetic energy of a rotating rigid body is given by KE = 1/2 Iω^2, where I is the moment of inertia and ω is the angular velocity.

Newton's first law states that an object will remain at rest or in uniform motion unless acted upon by a net external force. The ball rolling and eventually stopping is an example.

All listed processes are thermodynamic processes; however, 'Isobaric' is often confused with 'Isothermal' but is indeed a valid process.

When a wheel rolls without slipping, the friction involved is static friction, which prevents sliding between the wheel and the surface.

The relationship between linear velocity (v) and angular velocity (ω) is given by v = ωr, which can be rearranged to ω = v/r.

The First Law of Thermodynamics states that energy cannot be created or destroyed, only transformed.

Aluminum is a metal that can easily lose electrons and thus is likely to exhibit the photoelectric effect.

A photon is a boson, which is a type of particle that follows Bose-Einstein statistics and can occupy the same quantum state as other bosons.

Heating a metal rod is an example of heat transfer by conduction.

A higher pitch sound is heard when the source is moving towards the observer, compressing the sound waves.

Torque is indeed the rotational equivalent of force, making this statement true.

Time dilation is a consequence of Einstein's theory of relativity, indicating that time passes more slowly for objects moving at speeds close to the speed of light compared to stationary observers.

Newton's first law states that an object will remain at rest or in uniform motion unless acted upon by a net external force.