Geometric isomers have the same connectivity of atoms but differ in their spatial arrangement.

Lipids are characterized by their insolubility in water due to their hydrophobic nature.

Optical isomers, or enantiomers, rotate plane-polarized light in opposite directions.

Saturated hydrocarbons contain only single bonds between carbon atoms.

Starch has a branched structure, which allows it to store energy efficiently.

Structural isomers have different connectivity of atoms, leading to different compounds.

Synthetic fibers are known for their durability and are made from chemical processes, unlike natural fibers.

The +I effect is characterized by electron donation through the inductive effect.

+M effect refers to the donation of electron density through resonance.

The inductive effect decreases with distance from the electronegative atom or group.

Thermoplastic polymers can be reshaped upon heating, unlike thermosetting polymers.

Thermosetting polymers do not melt upon heating; they harden permanently after being set.

Alkynes generally have higher boiling points than alkenes due to stronger intermolecular forces.

Carboxylic acids have high boiling points due to hydrogen bonding.

Phenols are weakly acidic due to the presence of the hydroxyl group attached to the aromatic ring.

Alcohols undergo esterification when they react with carboxylic acids to form esters.

Aldehydes can be reduced to alcohols, which is a characteristic reaction of this functional group.

Free radical halogenation is a characteristic reaction of alkanes.

Alkenes undergo hydrogenation, where they react with hydrogen in the presence of a catalyst.

Acylation is a characteristic reaction of amines, where they react with acyl chlorides to form amides.

Carboxylic acids can undergo esterification, amide formation, and decarboxylation, making 'All of the above' correct.

Ethers undergo nucleophilic substitution reactions under strong acidic conditions.

Nucleophilic substitution is a characteristic reaction of haloalkanes, where a nucleophile replaces the halogen atom.

Haloarenes typically undergo nucleophilic substitution reactions due to the presence of the aromatic ring.

Ketones can react with alcohols to form hemiacetals, which is a characteristic reaction.

Phenols undergo electrophilic substitution reactions due to the presence of the hydroxyl group, which activates the benzene ring.

Ethanol is widely used as an antiseptic in households for disinfecting purposes.

Baking soda acts as a leavening agent, helping baked goods rise by producing carbon dioxide.

Bromine (Br2) can act as an electrophile in the presence of a catalyst like FeBr3 during electrophilic aromatic substitution.

Bromine, often in the presence of a catalyst like FeBr3, acts as a common electrophile in electrophilic aromatic substitution reactions.