The thermal expansion coefficient is defined as the change in length per degree change in temperature.

The threshold frequency is the minimum frequency of incident light required to eject electrons from a metal surface.

The time constant τ in an RC circuit is given by τ = R * C, where R is the resistance and C is the capacitance.

The time constant τ of an RC circuit is given by the product of resistance and capacitance, τ = R * C.

Time constant τ = R * C = 5000Ω * 10 x 10^-6 F = 0.05 s.

The torque produced by a force applied at a distance from the pivot point is given by τ = rF sin(θ), where θ is the angle between the force and the lever arm.

Total capacitance C_total = 1 / (1/C₁ + 1/C₂) = 1 / (1/4 + 1/6) = 2.4 µF.

In parallel, C_eq = C1 + C2 = 4 µF + 6 µF = 10 µF.

1/C_eq = 1/C1 + 1/C2 = 1/4 + 1/6 = 5/12, thus C_eq = 12/5 = 2.4 µF.

1/C_total = 1/C1 + 1/C2 = 1/4 + 1/6. C_total = 2.4 µF.

For capacitors in series, 1/C_eq = 1/C1 + 1/C2, so 1/C_eq = 1/4 + 1/6 = 5/12, thus C_eq = 2.4μF.

Using Ohm's Law: I = V / R = 12 V / 4 Ω = 3 A.

Total resistance R = R1 + R2 = 8Ω + 4Ω = 12Ω. Current I = V/R = 24V / 12Ω = 2 A.

In a parallel circuit, total current I_total = I1 + I2 = 2A + 3A = 5A.

First, find the equivalent resistance: 1/R_eq = 1/4 + 1/6 => R_eq = 2.4Ω. Then, I = V / R_eq = 12V / 2.4Ω = 5A.

U = 0.5 * C * V^2 = 0.5 * (10 x 10^-6 F) * (20 V)^2 = 0.02 J.

The total mechanical energy in a simple harmonic oscillator is given by E = 1/2 k A^2, where A is the amplitude and k is the spring constant.

Total mechanical energy = Potential energy + Kinetic energy = 30 J + 20 J = 50 J.

1/Rtotal = 1/R1 + 1/R2 = 1/5 + 1/10. Rtotal = 3.33 Ω.

1/R_eq = 1/R1 + 1/R2 + 1/R3 = 1/3 + 1/6 + 1/12. R_eq = 2 Ω.

1/R_eq = 1/R1 + 1/R2 + 1/R3 = 1/2 + 1/3 + 1/6 = 1. R_eq = 0.75Ω.

In series, R_total = R1 + R2 + R3 = 2 Ω + 3 Ω + 5 Ω = 10 Ω.

Total voltage V = V1 + V2 = 9V + 9V = 18 V.

The unit of electric potential difference is the Volt (V).

The unit of momentum in the SI system is kilogram meter per second (kg·m/s), which is derived from the product of mass and velocity.

The unit of momentum is kilogram meter per second (kg·m/s), which is derived from the product of mass and velocity.

The unit of power in optics, as in all physics, is the Watt (W), which is equivalent to Joules per second.

The standard value of gravitational acceleration on Earth is approximately 9.81 m/s².

Using Ohm's law, V = I * R = 2 A * 10 Ω = 20 V.

Using Ohm's law, V = I * R = 3 A * 10 Ω = 30 V.