The correct descriptor for 2-butene with the double bond in the trans configuration is trans-2-butene.

1-heptyne has a triple bond between the first and second carbons, represented as CH3-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH2-C≡C-H.

1-hexene has a double bond between the first and second carbon atoms, represented as CH2=CH-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH3.

3-methyl-1-butyne has a triple bond at the first carbon and a methyl group on the third carbon.

3-Pentanone has the structure CH3CH2COCH2CH3, with the carbonyl group on the third carbon.

Amines contain the amino group (-NH2) as their functional group.

EDTA is a bidentate ligand because it can form two bonds with a metal ion, while NH3, Cl-, and H2O are monodentate ligands.

EDTA is a bidentate ligand because it can form two bonds with a metal ion.

Primary amines can be prepared by the reduction of nitriles, hydrolysis of amides, and alkylation of ammonia.

In C2H4 (ethylene), each carbon atom is sp2 hybridized, forming three sigma bonds and one pi bond, resulting in a planar structure.

The p orbital can hold a maximum of 6 electrons (2 per each of the 3 p orbitals).

Nylon is a synthetic polymer known for its high tensile strength and is widely used in textiles and fibers.

Polyimide is known for its high thermal stability and is used in applications such as aerospace and electronics.

Alkenes can undergo hydrogenation, dehydration, and esterification, making all of the above reactions applicable.

Friedel-Crafts acylation involves the reaction of benzene with an acyl chloride (like CH3COCl) in the presence of a Lewis acid.

The reaction of a tertiary alkyl halide with water is an SN1 mechanism due to the formation of a stable carbocation.

Nitration of benzene is an example of electrophilic aromatic substitution, where a nitro group replaces a hydrogen atom on the benzene ring.

Benzene + CH3COCl in AlCl3 is an example of Friedel-Crafts acylation, where an acyl group is introduced to the aromatic ring.

0.1 m CaCl2 produces three particles (Ca2+ and 2 Cl-), leading to the highest boiling point elevation among the options.

In electrophilic aromatic substitution, the aromatic ring acts as a nucleophile, attacking the electrophile to form a sigma complex.

Enantiomers are non-superimposable mirror images and rotate plane-polarized light in opposite directions.

Hybridization involves the mixing of atomic orbitals to form new hybrid orbitals that can form covalent bonds.

The rate-determining step is indeed the slowest step in a reaction mechanism, which controls the overall rate of the reaction.

Real gases can condense into liquids under certain conditions, unlike ideal gases which are assumed to have no volume and no intermolecular forces.

E2 reactions require the leaving group and the hydrogen to be anti-periplanar for the elimination to occur.

The reaction can lead to both R and S isomers due to the nature of the nucleophilic substitution mechanism.

Stereoisomers have the same connectivity but differ in the spatial arrangement of atoms, and they cannot be interconverted without breaking bonds.

E1 elimination involves the formation of a carbocation intermediate, making it a two-step process.

E2 elimination requires a strong base to abstract a proton while the leaving group departs, and it occurs in a single concerted step.

In the quantum model, electrons exist in probability clouds rather than fixed orbits.