The coefficient of linear expansion α = ΔL / (L0 * ΔT) = 0.01 / (2 * 80) = 1.25 x 10^-5 /°C.

The coefficient of linear expansion (α) is calculated as α = ΔL / (L0 * ΔT) = 0.01 / (2 * 80) = 1 x 10^-4 /°C.

The average kinetic energy of gas molecules is independent of molar mass and is solely dependent on temperature. Therefore, it remains the same at constant temperature.

The entropy change for phase change at constant temperature is ΔS = Q/T. For 1 kg of water to steam, Q = 2260 kJ, T = 373 K, so ΔS = 2260 kJ / 373 K = 6.06 kJ/K.

The entropy change for an isothermal and reversible expansion is given by ΔS = R ln(V2/V1).

The entropy change for an isothermal expansion of an ideal gas is given by ΔS = nR ln(V2/V1). For 1 mole, it simplifies to ΔS = R ln(V2/V1).

The formula for heat transfer by conduction is Q = kA(T1-T2)/d, where k is the thermal conductivity, A is the area, and d is the thickness.

Using Q = mcΔT, Q = 3 kg * 900 J/kg°C * (75°C - 25°C) = 3 * 900 * 50 = 135000 J.

The latent heat of fusion is the amount of heat required to convert 1 g of ice at 0°C to water at 0°C, which is 334 J/g.

In a vacuum, heat transfer occurs primarily through radiation, as there are no particles to conduct or convect heat.

The primary mechanism of heat transfer in fluids is convection.

In solids, heat is primarily transferred through conduction, where thermal energy is passed through collisions between particles.

Heat transfer through conduction is directly proportional to the temperature difference between the ends of the conductor.

The average kinetic energy of gas molecules is directly proportional to the temperature of the gas.

Using the formula v_rms = sqrt(3RT/M), where R = 8.314 J/(mol·K), T = 300 K, and M = 0.029 kg/mol, we find v_rms ≈ 400 m/s.

The root mean square speed is given by the formula v_rms = sqrt(3RT/M), where R = 8.314 J/(mol·K), T = 300 K, and M = 0.028 kg/mol. v_rms = sqrt(3 * 8.314 * 300 / 0.028) ≈ 500 m/s.

Specific heat capacity (c) is calculated as c = Q / (m * ΔT) = 2000 J / (1 kg * 40°C) = 50 J/kg°C.

Using Q = mcΔT, we have 500 = 2 * c * 10, thus c = 500 / 20 = 25 J/kg°C.

The energy required to change a substance from solid to liquid at its melting point is called the latent heat of fusion.

Thermal expansion refers to the increase in volume of materials when they are heated.

Using Fourier's law, Q = kA(ΔT/d), we have 100 = k * 1 * (50/0.1), thus k = 0.5 W/m°C.

The thermal expansion coefficient is defined as the change in length per degree change in temperature.

For isothermal expansion, the work done is given by W = nRT ln(V2/V1).

The third law of thermodynamics implies that absolute zero cannot be reached, as the entropy of a perfect crystal approaches zero.

All listed processes are thermodynamic processes; however, 'Isobaric' is often confused with 'Isothermal' but is indeed a valid process.

The First Law of Thermodynamics states that energy cannot be created or destroyed, only transformed.

Heating a metal rod is an example of heat transfer by conduction.

Convection describes the transfer of heat through a fluid (liquid or gas) due to density differences caused by temperature variations.

Convection is the process of heat transfer through the movement of fluids, where warmer fluid rises and cooler fluid sinks.