Q. In an ER model, what does a solid line connecting two entities represent?
A.
A weak relationship
B.
A strong relationship
C.
An attribute
D.
A foreign key constraint
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Solution
A solid line connecting two entities in an ER model represents a strong relationship.
Correct Answer:
B
— A strong relationship
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Q. In an ER model, what does a solid line represent?
A.
A weak relationship
B.
A strong relationship
C.
An attribute
D.
A derived attribute
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Solution
A solid line in an ER model represents a strong relationship between entities.
Correct Answer:
B
— A strong relationship
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Q. In an ER model, what does an entity represent?
A.
A relationship
B.
A table
C.
A column
D.
A constraint
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Solution
In an Entity-Relationship (ER) model, an entity represents a table in the database.
Correct Answer:
B
— A table
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Q. In an ER model, what is an attribute?
A.
A relationship between entities
B.
A property or characteristic of an entity
C.
A unique identifier for an entity
D.
A type of database operation
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Solution
An attribute is a property or characteristic that describes an entity in an ER model.
Correct Answer:
B
— A property or characteristic of an entity
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Q. In database architecture, what is the purpose of a data dictionary?
A.
To store user data
B.
To define the structure of the database
C.
To manage transactions
D.
To optimize queries
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Solution
A data dictionary defines the structure of the database, including tables, fields, and relationships.
Correct Answer:
B
— To define the structure of the database
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Q. In database transactions, what does ACID stand for?
A.
Atomicity, Consistency, Isolation, Durability
B.
Atomicity, Concurrency, Integrity, Durability
C.
Atomicity, Consistency, Isolation, Data
D.
Atomicity, Consistency, Isolation, Dependency
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Solution
ACID stands for Atomicity, Consistency, Isolation, and Durability, which are the properties that guarantee reliable transactions.
Correct Answer:
A
— Atomicity, Consistency, Isolation, Durability
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Q. In DBMS architecture, what does the term 'data independence' refer to?
A.
The ability to change the data structure without affecting the application
B.
The separation of data and application logic
C.
The ability to access data from multiple sources
D.
The use of multiple databases
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Solution
Data independence refers to the ability to change the data structure without affecting the application that uses the data.
Correct Answer:
A
— The ability to change the data structure without affecting the application
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Q. In DBMS architecture, what does the term 'physical data independence' refer to?
A.
The ability to change the logical schema without changing the physical schema
B.
The ability to change the physical storage without affecting the logical schema
C.
The ability to access data from multiple sources
D.
The ability to enforce security measures
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Solution
Physical data independence refers to the ability to change the physical storage of data without affecting the logical schema.
Correct Answer:
B
— The ability to change the physical storage without affecting the logical schema
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Q. In DBMS architecture, what is the purpose of the data abstraction layer?
A.
To manage user access
B.
To provide a user interface
C.
To separate physical storage from logical data structures
D.
To optimize query performance
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Solution
The data abstraction layer separates physical storage from logical data structures, allowing users to interact with data without needing to know how it is stored.
Correct Answer:
C
— To separate physical storage from logical data structures
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Q. In ER modeling, what does a diamond shape represent?
A.
Entity
B.
Attribute
C.
Relationship
D.
Weak entity
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Solution
In ER modeling, a diamond shape represents a relationship between entities.
Correct Answer:
C
— Relationship
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Q. In JDBC, which method is used to execute a SQL statement?
A.
executeQuery()
B.
runQuery()
C.
executeSQL()
D.
executeStatement()
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Solution
In JDBC, the method used to execute a SQL statement is 'executeQuery()'.
Correct Answer:
A
— executeQuery()
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Q. In object-oriented data modeling, what is an 'object'?
A.
A collection of data and methods
B.
A single data entry in a database
C.
A type of database schema
D.
A relationship between entities
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Solution
In object-oriented data modeling, an object is a collection of data and methods that operate on that data.
Correct Answer:
A
— A collection of data and methods
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Q. In Object-Oriented Databases, what does 'inheritance' allow?
A.
Creating new classes based on existing ones
B.
Storing data in a flat structure
C.
Using only primitive data types
D.
Eliminating the need for relationships
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Solution
Inheritance allows for creating new classes based on existing ones, promoting code reuse and organization.
Correct Answer:
A
— Creating new classes based on existing ones
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Q. In SQL Server 2000, which command is used to create a new database?
A.
CREATE DATABASE
B.
NEW DATABASE
C.
ADD DATABASE
D.
MAKE DATABASE
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Solution
The command to create a new database in SQL Server 2000 is 'CREATE DATABASE'.
Correct Answer:
A
— CREATE DATABASE
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Q. In SQL, which clause is used to filter records after grouping?
A.
WHERE
B.
HAVING
C.
GROUP BY
D.
ORDER BY
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Solution
The HAVING clause is used to filter records after grouping in SQL.
Correct Answer:
B
— HAVING
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Q. In SQL, which command is used to create a new table?
A.
INSERT
B.
UPDATE
C.
CREATE
D.
ALTER
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Solution
The SQL command 'CREATE' is used to create a new table in the database.
Correct Answer:
C
— CREATE
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Q. In SQL, which command is used to modify existing records in a table?
A.
UPDATE
B.
MODIFY
C.
CHANGE
D.
ALTER
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Solution
The SQL command used to modify existing records in a table is 'UPDATE'.
Correct Answer:
A
— UPDATE
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Q. In the context of ASP, what does the term 'server-side scripting' refer to?
A.
Code executed on the client machine
B.
Code executed on the server before sending to the client
C.
Code that runs in the database
D.
Code that is compiled into an executable
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Solution
Server-side scripting refers to code that is executed on the server before the results are sent to the client, which is a key feature of ASP.
Correct Answer:
B
— Code executed on the server before sending to the client
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Q. In the context of concurrency control, what does 'locking' refer to?
A.
Preventing data from being accessed by multiple users simultaneously
B.
Encrypting data for security
C.
Creating backups of the database
D.
Indexing data for faster retrieval
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Solution
Locking refers to preventing data from being accessed by multiple users simultaneously to maintain data integrity during transactions.
Correct Answer:
A
— Preventing data from being accessed by multiple users simultaneously
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Q. In the context of data warehousing, what does ETL stand for?
A.
Extract, Transform, Load
B.
Evaluate, Test, Launch
C.
Execute, Transfer, Log
D.
Extract, Transfer, Load
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Solution
ETL stands for Extract, Transform, Load, which is the process of moving data from source systems into a data warehouse.
Correct Answer:
A
— Extract, Transform, Load
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Q. In the context of database design, what does 'denormalization' refer to?
A.
The process of reducing redundancy
B.
The process of increasing redundancy for performance
C.
The process of normalizing data
D.
The process of creating indexes
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Solution
Denormalization refers to the process of increasing redundancy in a database to improve performance, often at the cost of data integrity.
Correct Answer:
B
— The process of increasing redundancy for performance
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Q. In the context of DBMS architecture, what does 'three-tier architecture' refer to?
A.
Data, Application, Presentation
B.
Client, Server, Database
C.
User, Application, Database
D.
Data, Logic, User Interface
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Solution
Three-tier architecture in DBMS refers to the separation of data, application logic, and presentation layers into three distinct tiers.
Correct Answer:
A
— Data, Application, Presentation
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Q. In the context of DBMS architecture, what does the term 'data independence' mean?
A.
Data can be accessed without a database
B.
Changes to the data structure do not affect application programs
C.
Data is stored in a single location
D.
Data can be easily replicated
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Solution
Data independence means that changes to the data structure do not require changes to application programs that access the data.
Correct Answer:
B
— Changes to the data structure do not affect application programs
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Q. In the context of DBMS architecture, what does the term 'physical data independence' mean?
A.
Changes to the physical storage do not affect the logical schema
B.
Changes to the logical schema do not affect the physical storage
C.
Data can be accessed without knowing its physical location
D.
Data can be stored in multiple formats
Show solution
Solution
Physical data independence means that changes to the physical storage of data do not affect the logical schema of the database.
Correct Answer:
A
— Changes to the physical storage do not affect the logical schema
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Q. In the context of DBMS architecture, what is a 'client-server' model?
A.
A model where all data is stored on the client
B.
A model where the server handles all data processing
C.
A model where clients and servers share processing tasks
D.
A model that does not use a network
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Solution
In a client-server model, clients and servers share processing tasks, with clients requesting services and servers providing them.
Correct Answer:
C
— A model where clients and servers share processing tasks
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Q. In the context of DBMS architecture, what is a 'data model'?
A.
A way to visualize data
B.
A structure for organizing data
C.
A method for querying data
D.
A technique for data encryption
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Solution
A data model is a structure for organizing data, defining how data is connected and how it can be accessed.
Correct Answer:
B
— A structure for organizing data
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Q. In the context of distributed databases, what does the term 'partitioning' refer to?
A.
Dividing data into smaller, manageable pieces
B.
Combining multiple databases into one
C.
Creating backups of the database
D.
Encrypting sensitive data
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Solution
Partitioning refers to dividing data into smaller, manageable pieces to improve performance and manageability in distributed databases.
Correct Answer:
A
— Dividing data into smaller, manageable pieces
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Q. In the context of distributed databases, what is 'eventual consistency'?
A.
All nodes are always consistent
B.
Data will become consistent over time
C.
Data is never consistent
D.
Data is only consistent during transactions
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Solution
Eventual consistency means that while data may not be immediately consistent across all nodes, it will become consistent over time.
Correct Answer:
B
— Data will become consistent over time
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Q. In the context of ER modeling, what does a 'weak entity' depend on?
A.
A primary key
B.
A strong entity
C.
A foreign key
D.
A composite key
Show solution
Solution
A weak entity depends on a strong entity for its existence and does not have a primary key of its own.
Correct Answer:
B
— A strong entity
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Q. In the context of ER modeling, what does a 'weak entity' represent?
A.
An entity that cannot exist without a strong entity
B.
An entity with no attributes
C.
An entity that has a composite key
D.
An entity that is not related to any other entity
Show solution
Solution
A weak entity represents an entity that cannot exist without a strong entity, relying on it for its identification.
Correct Answer:
A
— An entity that cannot exist without a strong entity
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