Q. No fish are mammals. Some mammals are not birds. Therefore, no fish are birds. Is this conclusion valid?
A.
Yes
B.
No
C.
Only if all mammals are fish
D.
Only if some fish are mammals
Show solution
Solution
The conclusion is not valid. The premises do not support the conclusion that no fish are birds.
Correct Answer:
B
— No
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Q. No fish are mammals. Some mammals are not birds. Which conclusion is valid?
A.
All birds are fish.
B.
Some fish are not birds.
C.
Some mammals are fish.
D.
All mammals are birds.
Show solution
Solution
Since no fish are mammals and some mammals are not birds, it can be concluded that some fish are not birds.
Correct Answer:
B
— Some fish are not birds.
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Q. No fish are mammals. Some mammals are not cats. Therefore, no fish are cats. Is this conclusion valid?
A.
Yes
B.
No
C.
Cannot be determined
D.
Only if more information is provided
Show solution
Solution
The conclusion is valid. If no fish are mammals and some mammals are not cats, it follows that no fish can be cats.
Correct Answer:
A
— Yes
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Q. No fish are mammals. Some mammals are not whales. Therefore, no fish are whales. Is this conclusion valid?
A.
Yes
B.
No
C.
Only if all mammals are fish
D.
Only if some fish are mammals
Show solution
Solution
The conclusion is not valid. The premises do not provide enough information to conclude anything about the relationship between fish and whales.
Correct Answer:
B
— No
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Q. No reptiles are mammals. All snakes are reptiles. Therefore, no snakes are mammals. Is this conclusion valid?
A.
Yes
B.
No
C.
Only if all reptiles are snakes
D.
Only if some mammals are reptiles
Show solution
Solution
The conclusion is valid because if no reptiles are mammals and all snakes are reptiles, then it follows that no snakes can be mammals.
Correct Answer:
A
— Yes
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Q. No reptiles are mammals. Some mammals are not cats. Therefore, no reptiles are cats. Is this conclusion valid?
A.
Yes
B.
No
C.
Cannot be determined
D.
Only if all mammals are reptiles
Show solution
Solution
The conclusion is not valid because the relationship between reptiles and cats is not established through the given statements.
Correct Answer:
B
— No
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Q. No reptiles are mammals. Some mammals are not cats. Therefore, some reptiles are not cats. Is this conclusion valid?
A.
Yes
B.
No
C.
Only if all mammals are reptiles
D.
Only if some reptiles are mammals
Show solution
Solution
The conclusion is not valid because the premises do not provide a direct relationship between reptiles and cats.
Correct Answer:
B
— No
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Q. No students are dropouts. Some dropouts are not employed. Which of the following conclusions can be drawn?
A.
All employed people are students.
B.
Some students are not employed.
C.
Some dropouts are students.
D.
Some employed people are not dropouts.
Show solution
Solution
Since no students are dropouts and some dropouts are not employed, it can be concluded that some employed people are not dropouts.
Correct Answer:
D
— Some employed people are not dropouts.
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Q. No students are teachers. Some teachers are not professors. Which of the following conclusions can be drawn?
A.
Some students are professors.
B.
All teachers are students.
C.
Some professors are not students.
D.
All professors are teachers.
Show solution
Solution
Since no students are teachers and some teachers are not professors, it can be concluded that some professors are not students.
Correct Answer:
C
— Some professors are not students.
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Q. Some birds can fly. All flying creatures are animals. Therefore, some birds are animals. Is this conclusion valid?
A.
Yes
B.
No
C.
Only if more information is provided
D.
Cannot be determined
Show solution
Solution
The conclusion is valid because if some birds can fly and all flying creatures are animals, then those birds must be animals.
Correct Answer:
A
— Yes
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Q. Some cars are electric. All electric cars are expensive. Therefore, some cars are expensive. Is this conclusion valid?
A.
Yes
B.
No
C.
Only if all cars are electric
D.
Only if some cars are not electric
Show solution
Solution
The conclusion is valid because if some cars are electric and all electric cars are expensive, then those cars that are electric must also be expensive.
Correct Answer:
A
— Yes
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Q. Some dogs are friendly. All friendly animals are pets. Therefore, some dogs are pets. Is this conclusion valid?
A.
Yes
B.
No
C.
Only if all pets are dogs
D.
Only if some pets are dogs
Show solution
Solution
The conclusion is not valid because while some dogs are friendly, it does not guarantee that those friendly dogs are pets.
Correct Answer:
B
— No
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Q. Some fruits are sweet. All sweet things are tasty. Which conclusion is correct?
A.
All fruits are tasty.
B.
Some tasty things are fruits.
C.
Some sweet things are not fruits.
D.
All tasty things are fruits.
Show solution
Solution
Since some fruits are sweet and all sweet things are tasty, it follows that some tasty things are fruits.
Correct Answer:
B
— Some tasty things are fruits.
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Q. Some fruits are sweet. All sweet things are tasty. Which of the following conclusions can be drawn?
A.
All fruits are tasty.
B.
Some tasty things are fruits.
C.
Some sweet things are not fruits.
D.
All tasty things are sweet.
Show solution
Solution
Since some fruits are sweet and all sweet things are tasty, it follows that some tasty things are fruits.
Correct Answer:
B
— Some tasty things are fruits.
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Q. Some metals are conductive. All conductive materials are useful. Which of the following conclusions can be drawn?
A.
All useful materials are metals.
B.
Some useful materials are not metals.
C.
Some metals are not useful.
D.
All conductive materials are metals.
Show solution
Solution
Since some metals are conductive and all conductive materials are useful, it can be concluded that some useful materials are not metals.
Correct Answer:
B
— Some useful materials are not metals.
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Q. Some teachers are not professors. All professors are educated. Which conclusion is correct?
A.
All teachers are educated.
B.
Some educated people are not teachers.
C.
Some professors are not teachers.
D.
All educated people are teachers.
Show solution
Solution
Since some teachers are not professors and all professors are educated, it can be concluded that all teachers are educated.
Correct Answer:
A
— All teachers are educated.
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Q. Some teachers are not professors. All professors are educated. Which of the following conclusions can be drawn?
A.
All teachers are educated.
B.
Some educated people are not teachers.
C.
Some professors are not teachers.
D.
All educated people are professors.
Show solution
Solution
Since all professors are educated, it can be concluded that all teachers are educated.
Correct Answer:
A
— All teachers are educated.
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Q. Some teachers are not strict. All strict people are disciplined. Therefore, some teachers are not disciplined. Is this conclusion valid?
A.
Yes
B.
No
C.
Only if all teachers are strict
D.
Only if some strict people are not teachers
Show solution
Solution
The conclusion is valid because if some teachers are not strict and all strict people are disciplined, then those teachers who are not strict may also not be disciplined.
Correct Answer:
A
— Yes
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Q. Some teachers are strict. All strict people are disciplined. Which of the following conclusions can be drawn?
A.
All teachers are disciplined.
B.
Some disciplined people are teachers.
C.
Some strict people are not teachers.
D.
All disciplined people are teachers.
Show solution
Solution
Since some teachers are strict and all strict people are disciplined, it follows that some disciplined people are teachers.
Correct Answer:
B
— Some disciplined people are teachers.
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