Psychology is the study of the mind and behavior, distinguishing it from sociology and philosophy.

A thermometer is specifically designed to measure temperature, while the other devices measure different atmospheric conditions.

A lake is defined as a large body of water surrounded by land, while an ocean is much larger and not surrounded by land.

An architect is the professional who designs buildings, while the other roles involve different aspects of construction and planning.

A biologist studies living organisms, while the other options refer to different scientific fields.

An astronomer is specifically someone who studies celestial bodies, while the other options refer to different fields of study.

An explorer is specifically someone who travels to discover new places, while the other options may not imply exploration.

A playwright specifically writes plays, while the other options refer to different forms of writing.

A catalyst is a substance that increases the rate of a chemical reaction without being consumed, while the other options refer to different chemical roles.

Democracy is defined as a system of government by the whole population, while the other options refer to governments controlled by a few or a single ruler.

A novel is a type of written work that tells a story, whereas a poem is a form of literary art, and an essay or article is more analytical.