Mutation is a change in the DNA sequence that can lead to genetic variation in plants.

Cacti in deserts are an example of adaptive radiation, evolving unique adaptations to survive in arid environments.

Cacti and succulents are examples of convergent evolution, as they have developed similar adaptations to arid environments independently.

Cutting a stem is a form of vegetative propagation, where a part of the plant is used to grow a new individual without the use of seeds.

Angiosperms have seeds enclosed in fruits, while naked seeds are characteristic of gymnosperms.

Dicotyledons typically have floral parts in multiples of four or five, not three.

Gymnosperms do not produce flowers; they have naked seeds typically found in cones.

Monocots have vascular bundles scattered throughout the stem, not in a ring.

Sclerenchyma cells are typically dead at maturity, providing structural support with their thick, lignified walls.

Plantae are primarily autotrophic, meaning they produce their own food through photosynthesis.

While leaf structure, flower color, and root depth are used in classification, plant height is not a primary characteristic.

Plant taxonomy is the classification of plants and is not a direct application of plant biotechnology.

Increased crop resilience is generally seen as a benefit, not a concern, of GMOs.

Fungi is not a division of the plant kingdom; it belongs to a separate kingdom.

Plant aesthetics is not a driving factor of evolution; rather, it is influenced by evolutionary processes.

While plant tissues are involved in various functions, respiration is primarily a cellular process, not a tissue function.

Iron is a micronutrient, while nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium are macronutrients.

Fungi are not classified within the plant kingdom; they belong to a separate kingdom.

Seed formation is a method of sexual reproduction, while cuttings, grafting, and layering are asexual methods.

Traditional breeding is not considered a method of plant biotechnology, as it does not involve modern genetic manipulation techniques.

Selective breeding is a traditional method and not a direct genetic modification technique like gene editing or transgenic technology.

Photosynthesis is a natural process for energy conversion in plants and is not a method of genetic transformation.

Photosynthesis is not a method of seed dispersal; it is the process by which plants convert light energy into chemical energy.

Cross-pollination is a method of sexual reproduction, not vegetative propagation, which involves the asexual reproduction of plants.

Maturation is not a recognized phase of plant growth; the main phases are germination, juvenile, and reproductive.

Glucose is not produced during the light reactions; it is synthesized in the Calvin cycle.

Glucose is not produced in the light-dependent reactions; it is produced in the Calvin cycle.

The Krebs cycle is part of cellular respiration, not photosynthesis.

Cork cambium is a type of lateral meristem, but it is not classified as a meristematic tissue in the same sense as apical, lateral, and intercalary meristems.

Epithelial tissue is not a type of plant tissue; it is found in animals.