Infrared spectroscopy is based on the absorption of infrared light, which causes vibrational transitions in molecules.

NMR spectroscopy is based on the magnetic properties of certain nuclei, which resonate in a magnetic field.

Carbon dioxide is produced during the fermentation of sugars by yeast, causing bread to rise.

Fermentation reactors are designed to facilitate microbial growth, allowing for the production of various bioproducts.

Salt is added to prevent spoilage and promote the growth of beneficial bacteria during fermentation.

Agitation is often used to enhance drug solubility, especially in intravenous medications.

Bioreactors are designed to provide a controlled environment for the cultivation of microorganisms, allowing for optimal growth and product formation.

Cell culture allows researchers to grow cells in a controlled environment, facilitating various experiments.

Chlorination is primarily used to disinfect water by killing harmful microorganisms.

Chromatography is primarily used to separate and analyze complex mixtures in clinical laboratories.

Transgenic animals are primarily created to produce proteins for medical use, such as therapeutic proteins and antibodies.

The primary purpose of distillation in ethanol production is to separate ethanol from water and other components to achieve higher purity.

DNA sequencing is used to determine the precise order of nucleotides in a DNA molecule.

Drug synthesis aims to create new compounds, improve efficacy, and reduce side effects.

ELISA (Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay) is primarily used to measure the concentration of antibodies or antigens in a sample.

Epidemiology focuses on understanding how diseases affect the health and illness of populations.

Gas chromatography is primarily used to separate and analyze volatile compounds in various samples.

Gel electrophoresis is primarily used to separate nucleic acids or proteins based on their size.

The primary purpose of immobilizing enzymes is to enhance their stability and reusability in various applications.

Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium is designed to provide essential macro and micronutrients necessary for plant cell growth and development.

The primary purpose of plant biotechnology is to enhance crop yield and resistance to pests and diseases.

Plant cell culture is primarily used to produce genetically identical plants through tissue culture techniques.

The primary purpose of protein purification is to isolate a specific protein from a mixture for further study or use.

Recombinant DNA technology is primarily used to create genetically modified organisms by combining DNA from different sources.

Sterilization is primarily used to reduce the risk of infection by eliminating all forms of microbial life.

Surfactant reduces surface tension in the alveoli, preventing their collapse and aiding in gas exchange.

The Clean Air Act is designed to control air pollution on a national level.

The primary purpose of the crossed extensor reflex is to maintain balance during withdrawal from a painful stimulus by activating the opposite limb.

The primary purpose of the mobile phase in HPLC is to dissolve the sample and carry it through the column.

The primary purpose of the stretch reflex is to maintain posture and balance by automatically adjusting muscle tension in response to changes in muscle length.