Co-evolution refers to the process where two or more species reciprocally affect each other's evolution.

Convergent evolution occurs when unrelated species develop similar traits due to similar environmental pressures.

Convergent evolution occurs when unrelated species develop similar traits as a result of adapting to similar environments.

Phylogeny refers to the evolutionary history and relationships among species.

The genotype refers to the specific genetic constitution of an organism, while the phenotype is the observable expression of that genotype.

Co-evolution refers to the process where two or more species influence each other's evolutionary trajectory.

Meristematic tissues grow through mitosis, allowing for the production of new cells for growth.

Chlorenchyma cells, which contain chloroplasts, are specialized for photosynthesis.

Parenchyma cells are often involved in the storage of starch and other carbohydrates in plants.

Collenchyma cells provide flexibility and support to young stems and petioles.

Epidermal cells form the protective outer layer of plant organs, helping to prevent water loss and protect against pathogens.

Lateral meristem, including vascular cambium and cork cambium, is responsible for secondary growth, increasing the girth of stems and roots.

Phloem cells are responsible for the transport of nutrients, particularly sugars, throughout the plant.

Xylem cells are specialized for the transport of water and dissolved minerals from the roots to the rest of the plant.

Parenchyma cells in succulent plants are specialized for water storage due to their large vacuoles.

The epidermis is primarily composed of epidermal cells, which serve as a protective layer.

Epidermal cells form the outer protective layer of leaves and help reduce water loss.

Epidermal cells form the outer protective layer of plant tissues, serving as a barrier against environmental factors.

Epidermal cells form the outer protective layer of the plant, serving as a barrier against environmental damage.

Epidermal cells form the outer protective layer of plant organs, serving as a barrier against environmental factors.

A simple fruit develops from a single ovary of a single flower and can be either fleshy or dry.

A simple fruit develops from a single ovary of a single flower, containing one or more seeds.

In incomplete dominance, the phenotype of heterozygous individuals is a blend of the two parental traits.

Opposite leaf arrangement features pairs of leaves growing directly across from each other on the stem.

Lateral meristem, including the vascular cambium and cork cambium, is responsible for secondary growth, increasing the girth of stems and roots.

Sclerenchyma cells are dead at maturity and provide structural support due to their thick, lignified walls.

Parenchyma cells can store water and nutrients, making them essential for plant hydration and metabolism.

Plants with alternating generations have a life cycle that includes both haploid (gametophyte) and diploid (sporophyte) phases.

Angiosperms are flowering plants that produce seeds enclosed within a fruit.

Angiosperms are flowering plants that produce fruits containing seeds.